Constitutional Design Class 9 Notes

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Constitutional Design Class 9 Notes covers the basics of constitutional design and the role of constitutions in democratic societies. The chapter likely discusses the importance of having a written constitution to set out the rules and principles that govern a country and protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens. It may also explain the process of designing a constitution, including who is involved in the process and the values that shape the constitution.

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Constitutional Design Class 9 Notes

Constitutional Design

Democratic Constitution in South Africa

The apartheid system in South Africa was institutionalized through a series of laws and policies, including the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959 and the Group Areas Act of 1950. These laws established a system of racial segregation and discrimination that disadvantaged the nonwhite majority in South Africa and granted privileges to the white minority.

  1. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed by the white minority government in South Africa.
  2. It was institutionalized through a series of laws and policies, including the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959 and the Group Areas Act of 1950.
  3. The apartheid system disadvantaged the nonwhite majority and granted privileges to the white minority.
  4. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, adopted in 1961, entrenched segregationist policies and provided legal justification for discrimination against nonwhites.
  5. The system of apartheid was opposed by a number of organizations and individuals, including the African National Congress (ANC) and Nelson Mandela.
  6. Protests and struggles against apartheid increased, leading to the repeal of discriminatory laws and the release of Nelson Mandela from prison.
  7. The apartheid government ended on the midnight of 26 April 1994, paving the way for the formation of a multi-racial government and the adoption of a new, democratic Constitution of South Africa.

Why the Need for a Constitution?

  1. A constitution serves as the supreme law of the land, providing a framework for the government and the legal system.
  2. It establishes the principles and values that guide the functioning of the government and the society.
  3. A constitution sets out the rights and freedoms of citizens and provides a mechanism for protecting and enforcing those rights.
  4. It defines the powers and responsibilities of the different branches of government and establishes a system of checks and balances to prevent abuses of power.
  5. A constitution helps to ensure stability and continuity by providing a clear set of rules and principles that govern the functioning of the government.
  6. It serves as a reference point for resolving disputes and interpreting the law.
  7. A constitution can help to build trust and legitimacy by clearly outlining the rules and processes by which the government operates.

Making of the Indian Constitution

  1. The process of drafting the Indian Constitution began in 1946 when the British government agreed to transfer power to the Indians.
  2. The Constituent Assembly, which was elected in 1946 and consisted of representatives from across India, was tasked with drafting the Constitution.
  3. The Constituent Assembly held 11 sessions over a period of 2 years, during which time it debated and discussed the various provisions of the Constitution.
  4. The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950.
  5. The Constitution was a product of extensive consultations and negotiations, and it drew upon a variety of sources, including the Government of India Act of 1935, the principles of the independence movement, and the experiences and practices of other countries.
  6. The Constitution of India is a comprehensive document that sets out the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the structure and powers of the government, and the procedures for amending the Constitution.

The Constituent Assembly

  1. The Constituent Assembly, elected in 1946, was responsible for drafting the Constitution.
  2. The Constituent Assembly was divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan following the partition of the country.
  3. The Constituent Assembly of India had 299 members and worked in a systematic, open, and consensual manner to draft the Constitution.
  4. The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949, but it came into effect on 26 January 1950, which is now celebrated as Republic Day in India.
  5. The Constitution reflects a broad consensus of its time and was the result of extensive discussion and consideration of more than 2,000 amendments.
  6. The Constituent Assembly Debates, which record every document presented and every word spoken during the drafting process, provide a record of the process and give the Constitution added sanctity.

Guiding values of the Indian Constitution

  1. Democracy: The Constitution establishes a democratic system of government in which the people are sovereign and have the right to elect their representatives.
  2. Social justice: The Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity and prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth. It also provides for affirmative action in favor of disadvantaged groups.
  3. Liberty: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to freedom of expression, religion, association, and movement.
  4. Fraternity: The Constitution promotes national unity and harmony by recognizing the diversity of the country and promoting the values of brotherhood, tolerance, and understanding.
  5. Secularism: The Constitution guarantees the right to freedom of religion and prohibits the state from establishing any religion as the state religion. It also prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion.
  6. Federalism: The Constitution establishes a federal system of government in which power is divided between the central government and the states.
  7. Limited government: The Constitution limits the powers of the government and establishes a system of checks and balances to prevent abuses of power.
  8. Rule of law: The Constitution establishes an independent judiciary and guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial. It also requires that all citizens, including government officials, are subject to the rule of law.
  9. Separation of powers: The Constitution divides the powers of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with each branch serving as a check on the others.
  10. Responsible government: The Constitution requires the government to be accountable to the people through regular elections and the promotion of transparency and good governance.
  11. Sustainable development: The Constitution requires the government to protect the environment and natural resources for future generations and to promote sustainable development.
  12. Human rights: The Constitution guarantees a wide range of human rights, including the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as well as economic, social, and cultural rights such as the right to education, healthcare, and a decent standard of living.

Institutional Design

Institutional design refers to the way in which a society or organization is structured and the rules and processes that govern its operation. In the context of a government or political system, institutional design refers to the structures and processes that determine how power is exercised and decisions are made. It includes the distribution of power among different branches of government, the role of institutions such as courts and elections, and the rules that govern the functioning of these institutions. The institutional design of a government or political system plays a crucial role in shaping the way that power is exercised and decisions are made, and can have a significant impact on the effectiveness and accountability of the government.

Social Science Class 9 Notes

CBSE Class 9 History

Chapter 1: The French Revolution Class 9 Notes
Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Notes
Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Notes
Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 Notes
Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World Class 9 Notes

CBSE Class 9 Geography

Chapter 1: India – Size and Location Class 9 Notes
Chapter 2: Physical Features of India Class 9 Notes
Chapter 3: Drainage Class 9 Notes
Chapter 4: Climate Class 9 Notes
Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Class 9 Notes
Chapter 6: Population Class 9 Notes

CBSE Class 9 Political Science

Chapter 1 – What is Democracy Why Democracy Class 9 Notes
Chapter 2 – Constitutional Design Class 9 Notes
Chapter 3 – Electoral Politics Class 9 Notes
Chapter 4 – Working of Institutions Class 9 Notes
Chapter 5 – Democratic Rights Class 9 Notes

CBSE Class 9 Economics

Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Notes
Chapter 2: People as Resource Class 9 Notes
Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 Notes
Chapter 4: Food Security in India Class 9 Notes

The CBSE Social Science Class 9 page on https://cbseskilleducation.com is a useful resource for students studying Geography, History, Political Science, and Economics. The page offers notes and other study materials that can help students prepare for exams, including the CBSE and other competitive exams. It is a good idea for students to regularly visit the page and stay up to date with the latest information and resources.
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