Comprehensive Database Management System Class 10 Notes IT 402

The CBSE has changed the previous textbook and the syllabus of Std. X. The new Database Management System Class 10 Notes are made based on the new syllabus and based on the New NCERT textbook. These notes are made in collaboration with many expert teachers. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

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Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Data is most important for any organization or in a company, the organization’s primary objective is to store data, manage data and retrieve data from computers and this is only possible with database management systems.

Chapter 8: Introduction of Database Management System

A database is an organized collection of data that is maintained electronically. Any kind of data like text, numbers, pictures, videos and files can be stored in a database. This data can be stored, retrieved and edited using software known as a database management system.

database management system class 10 libreoffice base

Data and Information

  • Data – Data is a collection of facts which do not have any meaning. This data is unstructured information such as numbers, text, symbols and images. 
  • Information – Information depends on data, this information has some meaning. This Information refers to organized and structured data.

Databases and DBMS

  • Database – A database is a collection of logically related data items stored in an organized manner, It is also considered as a data bank. 
  • DBMS (Database Management System) – This software that is used to create, update and retrieve data is known as database management system. Some of the common examples of DBMS are LibreOffice Base, MS Access, Open Office Base, Oracle, MySQL.

Advantages of DBMS

  • Organized Storage – In database data are stored in an organized manner, so that retrieval of the data is fast and accurate.
  • Data Analysis – In database you can retrive the data based on certain criteria for example average, maximum or minimum value etc.
  • Data Sharing – Databases can share the data with other applications.
  • Minimal Data Redundancy – In database duplicate data is not allowed, it means that same data will not be repeated in the table.
  • Data Consistency – In database if any record is changed in any one of the tables then the same data will update in other tables also.
  • Increase Efficiency – In the database the data is organized which helps to retrieve and search data efficiently. 
  • Increases Accuracy – In the database the data is retrieved accurately from the database.
  • Increases Validity – In the database the valid data is being entered and checked by the database.
  • Security – Unauthorized access is not allowed in the database.

Data Models

A database can be designed in different ways dependent on data storage. This structure of the database is known as a data model. The data models describe the relationships between the data. 

There are different data models such as – 

  • Hierarchical data model
  • Network data model
  • Relational data model
Hierarchical Data Model

In Hierarchical Data Model the data is organized like tree structure and data is stored in the form of a table.

database management system class 10 hierarchical data model
Network Data Model

In this model, multiple records are linked to the same master file. This network model is considered as a tree where the master table present in the bottom and other tables linked to the master table.

database management system class 10 network data model
Relational Data Model

In relational data models are based on relationships between two or more tables of the same database. This is the most popular data model.

database management system class 10 relation data model

Relational Database Model

E. F. Codd given the concept of Relational Database Model in 1970. The most popular type of database model is the relational model. In relational database models the data elements are stored in different tables, this table is related through the common fields.  

Relational Database Terminology

Some of the common terms used in RDBMS.

  • Entity – Entity is a piece of data that is stored in the database, for example student rollno, name and age is the entity of the student record. 
  • Table – Table is a collection of logically related records, It is organized as a set of columns. 
  • Field or Columns or attributes – The smallest entity in the database is known as field, a collection of fields is known as record, a collection of records make a table and a collection of tables make a database.
  • Data Values – Data values are raw data represented in character, numeric or alphanumeric. 
  • Record or Row – The collection of data values of all the fields are known as record.
  • Primary Key – The field which uniquely identifies a row in a table. The primary key used to be a unique identifier for the table.
  • Relational Database – A relational database is a collection of related tables. 
  • Foreign Key – The field or a combination of fields of one table can be used to uniquely identify records of another table, then that particular field is known as the foreign key.
  • Candidate Key – All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key are the candidate key for that table.
  • Alternate Key – One or two fields in the table are made as primary key but others are the alternate key.

Objects of an RDBMS

The database is a collection of object or a feature that is used to store, represent or retrieve data, different types of objects in a database are given below –

  • Table – Table is a collection of row and column which is used to store data. The data in the database is first stored in a table. 
  • Form – A form is used to enter data in a table, form is the interface between database and users, it is an easiest method to enter data in database using user friendly manners. A form consists of a text box, radio button, labels, check box etc.
  • Queries – Queries are used to retrieve the desired result from the database.
  • Reports – The output of any query in the database may be displayed in the form of reports.

Chapter 9: Starting with LibreOffice Base

Data Types

A data type refers to the type of data that will be stored in that particular field. The memory size of a field varies according to its data type. There are six different types of data type in LibreOffice Base –

  • Text Data Types
  • Numeric Data Type
  • Currency Data Type
  • Date Data Type
  • Boolean Data Type
  • Binary Data Type
Text Data Types

The text data consists of a mix of special characters, numbers, and letters. With text data, no mathematical operations may be carried out. PAN card numbers, names, marks, and other data types are examples of text data. 

The lists of various data types that can store textual data –

NameData TypeDescription
MemoLONGVARCHARMemo data type allows to store text data up to
64000 characters.
Text(fix)CHARCharacter data type is used to enter fixed number of characters
for example AADHAR NO, ACCOUNT NO, PASSPORT NO etc.
TextVARCHARStores upto the specified length, the number of bytes allocated
depends on the number of characters entered by the user.
Numeric Data Type

Numeric Data type contains numbers. The number can be integer, real, float or double.

NameData typeSignedRange
Tiny IntegerTYNYINTNo0-255
Small IntegerSMALLINTYes-32768 to 32768
IntegerINTEGERYes-2.14×109 to 2.14×109
BigIntBIGINTYes-2.3×1018 to 2.3×1018
NumberNUMERICYesUnlimited
DecimalDECIMALYesUnlimited
FloatFLOATYes
RealREALYes5×10(-324) to 1.79×10(308)
DoubleDOUBLEYes

List of different numeric data types are –

Currency Data Type

Currency Data type contains monetary values and can store currencies of different countries.

Date Data Type

This data type is basically used for date and time. There are various formats used to store date and time. 

List of various forms of date data types are –

NameDescription
DateStores the year, month and day as it is stored in the system.
TimeStores the time of the day as hour, minute and second.
TimestampStores date and time information at once.
Boolean

In boolean data type there are only two values – True or False,  This also can be given  in multiple formats like Yes/No, True/False, On/Off.

Binary

The binary datatype is used to store digital images and sounds.

Starting with LibreOffice Base

LibreOffice base is a database management software belonging to LibreOffice suite, It is free and open source software for creating and managing data. It also allows you to create a query for retrieving desired results from the database. 

Steps for starting LibreOffice Base –

  • Step 1: Click on Start > LibreOffice base
  • Step 2: In Database Wizard, Click on Create a new database
  • Step 3: After Creating a new database, Click on Yes, register the database for me
  • Step 4: Click on Finish, Now your database will be created

Creating a Table

After creating a database now you will start working with objects of the database, The first object we are going to create is Create Table. There are two different method to create table – 

  1. Create Table using design View
  2. Create Table using a Wizard
Creating Table in Design View
  • Step 1: Click on Table
  • Step 2: Click on Create Table in Design View
  • Step 3: Enter Field Name, Field Type and Description
  • Step 4: Click on Save
Steps for Creating Table using a Wizard
  • Step 1: Click on Table
  • Step 2: Click on Use Wizard to Create Table
  • Step 3: Select the field which you want
  • Step 4: Click on Finish

Chapter 10: Working with Multiple Tables

After creating tables in a database, you can also create relationships between two or more tables to control data redundancy and inconsistency. When you create a relationship between two or more tables then adding or updating a record in one table reflects the changes in all the related tables.

Master table vs Transaction table

If the School wants to manage student fees collection in a database, then they will create two tables, one for Student Details and second for Free details, here the Student Details will be master table and Fee details will be transaction table. 

Relationships between Tables

A relationship is a connection between two or more tables that contain data, the relationships between tables are based on a common field. This relationship helps to improve table structures and reduce redundancy of the data. 

Types of Relationships

The relationships between two or more tables in a database is based on the number of records, Primarily there are three different types of relationships that can be set up between two or more tables.

  1. One-to-One
  2. One-to-many
  3. Many-to-Many
One-to-One relationship

In a One-to-One relationship, the master table and transaction table both have one record. 

One-to-Many relationship

In a One-to-Many relationship, the master table having one record and transaction table having multiple records. This is a very common type of relationship between the tables in the database. 

Many-to-Many relationship

In a One-to-Many relationship, the master table has multiple records and the transaction table has multiple records.

Advantages of Relating Tables in a Database
  1. A relationship helps to prevent data redundancy.
  2. Relationships between tables help to restrict from entering invalid data in the referenced field.
  3. It helps to prevent missing data by keeping deleted data from getting out of sync. 
  4. Any update in the master table is automatically reflected in the transaction tables.
Primary Key, Composite Primary  Key and Foreign Key in a Database

In the RDBMS data can be integrated using keys. These are Primary Key, Composite Primary Key, and Foreign Key, Key are used to make the relationship between the tables. 

  1. Primary Key – This unique field is called the Primary Key (PK). primary key is a field or a set of fields that uniquely identify each record in a table. A primary key must be unique and cannot contain null values.
  2. Composite Primary Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.
  3. Foreign Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.
Referential Integrity

As per the principle rule of the database, no unmatched foreign key values should exist in the database. Referential integrity processes concentrate on ensuring data consistency and the link between tables.

LibreOffice Base gives us following four options to maintain referential integrity –

  1. No action – This is default option, This option states that no update or delete are allowed in the master table if any related record exists in the transaction table. 
  2. Update cascade – This option allows to delete or update the referenced field but the related records that are also available in any transaction tables will also be deleted or updated.
  3. Set NULL – This option assigns NULL value to all the records in the master record that are deleted or updated. 
  4. Set default – This option assigns a fixed default value to all the related fields if the master record deleted or updated. 

Chapter 11: Queries in Base

In the database data is stored in an organized manner which helps to retrieve data quickly and accurately. To search and retrieve the desired data from the database, we have to give its specifications to DBMS. Such specifications are given to the database in the form of queries.

Query

A query is the most important feature of DBMS. Query is a request for data, query helps to retrieve and display data from one or more tables in a database. This is done by giving criteria to the DBMS. 

A query can be created in three ways –

  1. Using a Wizard
  2. In Design View
  3. In SQL view

Database Languages

Database Languages having two type:

  1. DDL (Data Definition Language)
  2. DML (Data Manipulation Language)
DDL Statements:
  • Create: Using this statement, a database or set of tables can be created.
  • Alternate: This statement is used to change the table’s structure.
  • Drop: This statement is used to remove database objects from the system.
DML statements:
  • SELECT: The statement “SELECT” is used to get data from the database.
  • INSERT: The statement “INSERT” is used to add a new record to the database.
  • DELETE: The database can be cleaned out by using the statement DELETE.
  • UPDATE: This statement is used to modify the database’s information.

Select Statement 

Select statement is most important for retrieving and for displaying data from a database.

Syntax of Select Statement is – 

SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;

The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:

  • WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
  • ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.
Question 1 – Write a Query to display all record from the table;

Table Name – product 

Product_NoProduct_NamePriceQuantity
25Soap4080
31Powder8030
45Shampoo25025
52Soap Box120100
Question 2 – Write a Query to display product name from the table;
Question 3 – Write a Query to display Product_Name and Price from the table;
Question 4 – Write a Query to find the total no of quantity available in table;
Question 5- Display the total amount of each item. The amount must be calculated as the price multiplied by quantity for each item. 
Question 6- Write a Query to display the product whose price is less than 90
Question 7- Write a Query to find the total amount of the Shampoo product;
Question 8- Write a Query to display the data whose quantity is equal to 80.
Question 9- Write a Query to display a list of Products whose Price between 40 to 120.
Question 10- Write a Query to display the list of Product_Name in alphabetical order.
Question 11- Write a Query to display the list of Price in descending order.

UPDATE statement 

Update statement is used to update existing records present in database. The updated statement will apply using WHERE clause.

Syntax of Update Statement –

UPDATE <table name> SET = value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE ];

Table Name – product 

Product_NoProduct_NamePriceQuantity
25Soap4080
31Powder8030
45Shampoo25025
52Soap Box120100
Question – Write a Query to update the price of Shampoo in the product table.
Question – Write a Query to update the Quantity of Powder in the product table.

Chapter 12: Forms and Reports

LibreOffice Base provides the Form feature for data entry purposes and report feature for displaying the data.

Form

A form is a database object with a user-friendly interface that allows data entry and viewing in a visually attractive and accessible method. It serves as the front end for entering and editing data into any database.

There are two ways to create a form: 

  1. Using a wizard 
  2. Using the Design View
Creating a Form Using a Wizard

Creating a Form Using a Wizard is the simplest way to create a form in LibreOffice base. To create a form using wizard, follow the following steps.

  • Step 1: Open Database
  • Step 2: Click on Use Wizard to Create Form
  • Step 3: Select the fields of your form
  • Step 4: Decide if you want to set up a subform
  • Step 5: Arrange the controls on your form
  • Step 6: Select the data entry mode
  • Step 7: Apply Style
  • Step 8: Set the name of the form
  • Step 9: Click on Finish

Forms Control Toolbar – This toolbar contains various controls that can be added to the form.

Records Toolbar – The Records toolbar contains the navigation control buttons in the extreme left. 

Creating Reports using wizard

You can create report from the Report using a wizard. To create a report, follow the following steps –

  • Step 1: Open Database
  • Step 2: Click on Use Wizard to Create Report
  • Step 3: Select, Which fields do you want to have in your report 
  • Step 4: Enter, How do you want to label the field
  • Step 5: Add grouping levels in the Report Wizard
  • Step 6: Select sort option according to the data
  • Step 7: How do you want your report to look
  • Step 8: Describe how you want to processed 
  • Step 9: Click on Finish

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Details of NCERT books –
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING
Domestic Data Entry Operator
First Edition
DTP Cell Delhi: NCERT, New Delhi
November 2022

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING [Dinesh Prasad Saklani] (Director). (2022). Domestic Data Entry Operator (First Edition) [English]. Anup Kumar Rajput. https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum25/publication/secondary/402_IT_X.pdf

Disclaimer : The Notes are made by expert teachers from different schools, but if you feel that there are any mistakes in the Database Management System Class 10 Notes, please feel free to leave a comment below or please send mail to anuraganand2017@gmail.com.

The book and the study material are available on the CBSE official website and on the NCERT website also, the teachers have tried to make a summary and try to make it easy to understand which will help the students to improve their CBSE results.

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