Comprehensive Database Management System Class 10 Notes IT 402

Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Database Management System Class 10 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

What is Database?

An organised group of data that is kept and accessible electronically is referred to as a database. It is a digital repository that enables the effective management, storage, and retrieval of both organised and unorganised data. Information like client records, financial data, inventory listings, and much more can be stored in databases. Example of database are – Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL etc.

What is a Database Management System?

Data is stored, retrieved, and analyzed using software called database management systems (DBMS). Users can create, read, update, and remove data in databases using a Database Management System, which acts as an interface between them and the databases. Example of database Management System are – Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL etc.

Data can be organized into two types:

• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data. basically for small-scale organization where data does not need to be strucutred in a complex way. Example of database software are Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field. Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data. Example of database software are MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle Database..

What is Database Server? 

Database servers are dedicated computers that are designed to store data and provide database services to other computers. We use a database to store, organize, manage and retrieve data efficiently and effectively. The database servers run only database and database related software.

Advantages of Database

Reduces Data Redundancy

Data redundancy means when same data is stored more than one places, which increased complexity and wasted of storage space, so, database helps to reduce data redundacy.

Sharing of Data

A database allows its users to exchange data among themselves. The data can only be shared with users who have received the appropriate degrees of authorization because there are different levels of access to the data.

Data Integrity

Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database management system (DBMS). Database ensures that the data is reliable and can be trusted for decision making and other critical business processes.

Data Security

A database’s concept of data security is important. The database should only be accessible to authorised users, whose identities must be verified using a username and password. 

Privacy

The privacy rule in a database ensures that only authorized users can access the database and view data according to the specific privacy constraints. To maintain data security, access levels are set in the database so that a user can only view data that they are not allowed to modify if the permission is not given.

For example, in social networking sites, different accounts have different access constraints, and users are only allowed to view the other account data that is permitted for their specific account.

Backup and Recovery

Database Management System automaticlly take backup and recovery processes to ensure the protection and availability of data. This means that the DBMS automatically creates and manages backups of the database at regular intervals, and also provides tools to recover data in the event of a failure or data loss.

Data Consistency

Data consistency refers to the accuracy and reliability of data stored in a database or other data storage system. It means that the data is consistent and valid across all instances where it is stored or accessed.

For example, if a customer’s name and address are stored in multiple tables within a database, the data must be consistent across all table.

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Features of Database

There are some key features of a database:

1. One or more tables can be added in the database.
2. Decreased storage costs and space requirements
3. Users can use query languages in a database.
4. Multiple users can access the data from the database .
5. Unique keys aid in preventing errors caused by human or technological mishaps.

Primary Key, Composite Primary  Key and Foreign Key in a Database

In the RDBMS data can be integrated using keys. These are Primary Key, Composite Primary Key, and Foreign Key, Key are used to make the relationship between the tables. 

1. Primary Key – This unique field is called the Primary Key (PK). primary key is a field or a set of fields that uniquely identify each record in a table. A primary key must be unique and cannot contain null values.
2. Composite Primary Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.
3. Foreign Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.

What is RDBMS?

A database management system that is based on the relational model is called an RDBMS (Relation Database Management System). Tables are used to organise data in relational databases. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is used to store, manage, query, and retrieve data.

Database Objects 

a. Tables: Data is arranged into rows and columns in a table, which is a type of data structure. It can be applied to both the storage and presentation of structured data.

b. Columns or Fields or Attributes: Data is arranged vertically from top to bottom in columns. Each row of the table has one column, which is a collection of data values of a specific basic type. The structure by which the rows are put together is provided by the columns.

c. Rows or Records or Tuples: A row, also known as a Record or Tuple, in a table represents a single data item. A database table can be represented graphically as being made up of rows and columns, or fields. Every row in a table has the same structure and represents a group of connected data.

Difference between DBMS and RDBMS

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

How to create a database using Open Office

• Step 1 : Click on Start > Programs > OpenOffice > OpenOffice Base
• Step 2 : Click on Create a new database
• Step 3 : In the Database Wizard, Click on Finish
• Step 4 : Specify a the Name of database and click on Save

How to create a table in Database

The database’s tables are used to store data. In the database, In OpenOffice Base the tables can be created in two different ways.

1. Create Table in Design View
2. Use Wizard to Create Table

Create Table in Design View

• Step 1 : Click on Create Table in Design View
• Step 2 : Select Field name and suitable datatype
• Step 3 : Set the Primary Key
• Step 4 : Change the table name
• Step 5 : Save the table

Use Wizard to Create Table

• Step 1 : Click on Table > Use Wizard to Create table 
• Step 2 : Click the Select Fields > Choose Category > Select the table > Click on Next Button
• Step 3 : Select data types from the given field
• Step 4 : Set the Primary Key 
• Step 5 : Rename the table and Click on Finish

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Data Types

The type of data (value) that will be stored in the database is defined by its datatype. Important to know the different types of data helps to ensure that each property’s value is as expected and that data is collected in the correct format.

Data types in OpenOffice base are broadly classified into five categories listed below.

• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable types

Numeric Types

Numerical data types are data types that store numeric values in a database. Numeric data types can be further divided into several subtypes, including:

Alphanumeric Types

Data that has both letters and numbers is referred to as alphanumeric type.

Binary Types

For storing data in binary formats, binary data types are utilised. In a database, binary data types can be used to store things like music and image files. The binary data type can generally be used to store files in any format.

Date Time

When specifying date and time values for a column used in a database table, date time data types are used. Information like dates of birth, admissions, product sales, and other dates can be stored in databases using date and time data types.

Other Data Types

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Session 3 : Perform Operations on Table

In Base, data is kept in tables that may be added to, changed, or deleted by using the proper options.

Insert Data in the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Now you can Insert Number of records in Datasheet View

Editing Records in the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it.
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Edit the record as per the requirement

Deleting Record From the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it.
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Right click on data and select delete option

Field Properties

To modify the field’s attributes It is necessary to modify the table structure in design view. The following actions will be taken to set the field’s properties:

Select the table > Right click > Select the option Edit > the table Design View window will open

Following are some properties of data of the numeric type:

1. AutoValue – if set to yes then field will get the auto numeric values.
2. Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum length.
3. Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while entering the values in the table.
4. Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such as 91-222-333.

Following are some properties of data of the character type:

1. Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be must to insert the value in the field which means that field cannot be left blank.
2. Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum length.
3. Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while entering the values in the table.
4. Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such as 91-222-333.

Sorting Data

Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order of descending order. Sorting is the process of putting data into a meaningful order so you can evaluate it more efficiently.

Referential Integrity

The relationship between tables is referred to as referential integrity. Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a relationship. In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary key and foreign key constraints.

Referential integrity helps to avoid:

1. Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key table.
2. Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
3. Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in associated table(s).

Creating and Editing Relationships between Tables

An association or link between two or more tables is referred to as a relationship. You don’t have to enter the same data again in different tables when you relate two tables.

Relationships between tables helps to

1. Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
2. Reduce data-entry errors.
3. Summarize data from related tables.

Type of Relationships in Database

There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:

1. ONE to ONE
2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
3. MANY to MANY

ONE to ONE

In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns.

ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE

In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column. It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of associated table.

MANY to MANY

In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.

Note Removing the Relationships – With the use of the Delete option, the relationships that have been applied to the tables can also be deleted. When you right-click a relationship thread, the Delete option will appear.

Session 4 : Retrieve Data using Query

In order to describe the data structure and to modify the data in the database, queries are used as instructions. A query enables the joining and filtering of data from various tables.

Database Languages having two type:

1. DDL (Data Definition Language)
2. DML (Data Manipulation Language)

DDL Statements:

• Create: Using this statement, a database or set of tables can be created.
• Alternate: This statement is used to change the table’s structure.
• Drop: This statement is used to remove database objects from the system.

DML statements:

• SELECT: The statement “SELECT” is used to get data from the database.
• INSERT: The statement “INSERT” is used to add a new record to the database.
• DELETE: The database can be cleaned out by using the statement DELETE.
• UPDATE: This statement is used to modify the database’s information.

Database Query

Query is a computer languages. In order to describe the data structure and to modify the data in the database, queries are used as instructions. Query can extract particular data from a database. We can filter and join data from various tables with the help of a query. By using the criteria you supply query will filter the data.

Select Statement 

A select query is a language in a database that displays data in Datasheet view. Data from tables is displayed by a query rather than being stored by it. A query may display data from one or more tables, from other queries, or from both of these sources simultaneously.

The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:

• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.

Syntax of Select Statement is – 

SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;

Query related to Simple Select Statement –

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display all record from the table;

Select * from product;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display product name from the table;

Select Product_Name from product;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display Product_Name and Price from the table;

Select Product_Name, Price from product;

Output –

Query related to Select Statement with Mathematical function –

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to find the total no of quantity available in table;

Select sum(quantity) from product;

Output – 235

Question – Display the total amount of each item. The amount must be calculated as the price multiplied by quantity for each item. 

Select Product_No, Product_Name, Price * Quantity from product;

Output –

Question – Write a query to find the average price of the total product;

Select avg(Quantity) from product;

Output – 58.75

Query related to Select Statement with Where clause

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display the product whose price is less than 90

Select * from product where price < 90;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to find the total amount of the Shampoo product;

Select Price*Quantity from product where Product_Name = ‘Shampoo’;

Output – 6250

Or

Select Product_No, Product_Name, Price*Quantity from product where Product_Name = 'Shampoo'; 

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display the data whose quantity is equal to 80.

Select * from product where quantity = 80;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to display a list of Products whose Price between 40 to 120.

Select * from product where Price >= 40 and Price <= 120;

Output – 

Query related to Select Statement with Order by

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Product_Name in alphabetical order.

Select * from product order by Product_Name ASC;

Or 

Select * from product order by Product_Name;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Price in ascending order.

Select * from product order by Price ASC;

Or 

Select * from product order by Price;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Price in descending order.

Select * from product order by Price DESC;

Output – 

UPDATE statement 

To edit or update already-existing records in a table, use the UPDATE statement. Using the WHERE clause, you can either define a specific subset of entries to edit or use it to update everything at once. 

Syntax of Update Statement –

UPDATE <table name> SET = value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE ];

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to update the price of Shampoo in the product table.

Update product Set Price = 300 where Price = 250;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to update the Quantity of Powder in the product table.

Update product Set Quantity = 50 where Product_Name = ‘Powder’;

Output – 

Create Table 

To create a new table in the database you can use Create Table Command.

Syntax of Create Table –

CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype);

Question – Write a Query to create the following table in the database;

Table Name – product

Create table product ( Product_No Int, Product_Name Varchar(20), Price Int, Quantity Int);

Output – 

Insert Table

Insert statement is primarily used to add a single or more rows to the target table.

Syntax of Insert Table –

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Or 

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to add a new row with the following details 

(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60)

Insert into product (Product_No, Product_Name, Price, Quantity) values(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60);

Or

Insert into product values(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60);

Output –  

Session 5 : Create Forms and Reports using Wizard

Forms

The Form allows you greater control over your outcomes. The form allows you to customize various parts of the form’s design and then generates a form based on your instructions.

Steps To Create Form Using Wizard

• Step 1 : Click Use Wizard to Create Form
• Step 2 : Select the selective Fields using Arrow button
• Step 3 : Click Next
• Step 4 : Add Subform if you need to insert 
• Step 5 : Click Next
• Step 6 : Arrange selected field in a form
• Step 7 : Click Next
• Step 8 : Click Finish

Reports 

A report helps in the presentation of data in a summarized format. It is utilized to create a clear format for the entire work product. In the database, you can build reports.

Steps To Create Report Using Wizard

• Step 1 : Click on Use Wizard to Create Report
• Step 2 : Select the selective Fields using Arrow button
• Step 3 : Click Next
• Step 4 : Redefine the label of the fields in the reports or else you can set the default name
• Step 5 : You can define grouping for the fields of the table
• Step 6 : Click on Next
• Step 7 : Click Finish

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers