The NCERT Solutions & Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Extra Questions (Class 9) provide a helpful resource for students trying to understand the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany. These solutions provide a clear and concise overview of the historical events and significance of the party’s rise to power, and can help students make connections between different events in history. By working through the NCERT Solutions, students can gain a deeper understanding of the chapter material and better grasp the importance of the Nazi Party’s role in history.
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler NCERT Solutions
1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Answer – The Weimar Republic, the democratic government that ruled Germany from 1919 to 1933, faced numerous problems during its existence. Some of the main challenges it faced included:
- The Treaty of Versailles, which was signed by the Weimar Republic, imposed harsh and humiliating terms on Germany, including the War Guilt Clause, which held Germany responsible for starting World War I and the subsequent damage it caused in the Allied nations.
- Germany lost all of its overseas colonies and a significant portion of its population, along with a large share of its iron and coal, to France, Poland, Denmark, and Lithuania.
- Germany was required to pay large reparations to the Allied powers, but it struggled to do so due to the loss of most of its revenue-generating colonies and the occupation of the resource-rich Rhineland by Allied armies.
- The Weimar Republic responded to the failure to pay reparations by printing paper currency in large numbers, which led to hyperinflation and the collapse of the economy.
- The economic collapse, combined with the humiliation of foreign occupation and the perceived responsibility of the Weimar Republic for the defeat in World War I and the disgrace at Versailles, contributed to widespread public discontent with the new government.
2. Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer – Nazism, also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), became popular in Germany by 1930 for a number of reasons. Some of the main factors that contributed to the rise of Nazism in Germany included:
- Economic instability: Germany experienced severe economic instability during the Weimar Republic, with high inflation and unemployment rates. The economic collapse and hyperinflation of the 1920s contributed to widespread public discontent with the government and provided an opportunity for extremist groups to gain support.
- Political instability: The Weimar Republic was marked by a high level of political instability, with frequent changes in government and a wide range of political parties competing for power. This made it difficult for the government to effectively address the country’s problems and contributed to a sense of national disillusionment.
- Social unrest: The economic and political instability of the Weimar Republic led to widespread social unrest in Germany, with various groups, such as communists and fascists, vying for power and influence.
- Nationalist sentiment: The Treaty of Versailles, which was signed by the Weimar Republic, imposed harsh and humiliating terms on Germany, including the War Guilt Clause, which held Germany responsible for starting World War I. This fueled nationalist sentiment in Germany and contributed to the rise of extremist movements that promised to restore national pride and power.
- Effective propaganda: The Nazi Party, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, was highly effective at using propaganda to spread its ideology and gain support among the German people. Hitler and other Nazi leaders were skilled at manipulating public opinion and exploiting the fears and anxieties of the population to gain support.
3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer – Nazism, also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), was a far-right ideology that was based on the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race and the need to create a pure and unified German state. Some of the peculiar features of Nazi thinking included:
- Racism and anti-Semitism: Nazism was characterized by extreme racism and anti-Semitism, with the Nazi Party promoting the belief in the inherent superiority of the Aryan race and the need to purify the German people through the exclusion or extermination of other racial groups.
- Nationalism: Nazism was based on a strong nationalist ideology, with the Nazi Party promoting the concept of a unified German state that was superior to other nations. This included the idea of Lebensraum, or the need for more living space for the German people, which was used to justify the expansion of German territory through military conquest.
- Authoritarianism: Nazism was an authoritarian ideology that rejected democratic principles and advocated for the absolute rule of the Nazi Party and its leader, Adolf Hitler. The Nazi regime was characterized by strict control over the media, education, and other aspects of society, and opposition to the regime was not tolerated.
- Militarism: Nazism was characterized by a strong militaristic ideology, with the Nazi Party promoting the idea of a powerful and aggressive military that was necessary to defend and expand the interests of the German state. This included the glorification of war and the promotion of military values in society.
- Social Darwinism: Nazism was based on the concept of Social Darwinism, which held that certain races were inherently superior to others and that the strong should dominate the weak.
4. Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for Jews.
Answer – The Nazi Party used propaganda extensively to spread its ideology and gain support among the German people. One of their most infamous propaganda films was The Eternal Jew, which depicted Jews as dirty, inferior, and subhuman, with flowing beards, wearing kaftans, and referred to as rats and vermin. The Nazi Party also used propaganda to blame Jews for Germany’s defeat in World War I and for the country’s economic and political problems. This propaganda effectively appealed to the emotions of the German people and exploited centuries of anti-Semitic attitudes, turning their hatred and anger towards Jews. The Nazi Party promised to be the remedy for these perceived ills, and this helped to win them support among the population.
5. Explain the role of women in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Answer – In Nazi Germany, the role of women was heavily regulated and controlled by the state through organizations such as the Nazi Party’s Women’s Bureau. Women were expected to bear children and care for the home, and their main purpose was seen as the reproduction and nurturing of future generations of Nazi soldiers. Women were also encouraged to join organizations such as the League of German Girls, which aimed to educate girls in the ideals of National Socialism and prepare them for their future roles as wives and mothers.
In contrast, during the French Revolution, women played a significant role in the political and social upheaval of the time. While they were not granted the right to vote, many women were active in the revolutionary movement and organized protests and boycotts. Women such as Olympe de Gouges and Marie Gouze argued for women’s rights and advocated for the abolition of slavery and the death penalty.
6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer – The Nazi state sought to establish total control over its people in several ways.
- Propaganda and censorship: The Nazi regime controlled all forms of media and used them to disseminate its own propaganda and suppress opposing viewpoints. It also established strict censorship laws and punished those who violated them.
- Terror and violence: The Nazi regime used the secret police and other security forces to suppress dissent and imprison or execute those who opposed the regime. It also established concentration camps and extermination camps where millions of people were killed.
- Control of the economy and labor force: The regime implemented policies such as conscription and established state control over industries in order to fund its military expansion and achieve self-sufficiency.
- Control of the education system: The regime required children to join organizations such as the Hitler Youth and implemented policies that removed Jewish and dissident teachers from the education system.
- Surveillance and monitoring: The Nazi regime established a system of surveillance and monitoring to keep track of the population and identify any potential threats to its rule. This included the use of informers and the monitoring of correspondence and communication.
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Extra Questions
1. What was the Nazi Party and when was it founded?
Answer – The Nazi Party, also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was founded on February 24, 1920.
2. Who was Adolf Hitler and what role did he play in the Nazi Party?
Answer – Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party and the Chancellor and Führer (leader) of Germany from 1933 to 1945. He played a central role in the party’s rise to power and the implementation of its ideology and policies.
3. What was the main ideology of the Nazi Party?
Answer – The main ideology of the Nazi Party was National Socialism, which combined elements of racial purity and nationalism with socialism. The Nazi Party believed in the superiority of the Aryan race and the need to purify the German nation by eliminating perceived racial and social threats, such as Jews, Romani, homosexuals, and disabled individuals.
4. What were the main events and factors that contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany?
Answer – The main events and factors that contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany included: the economic turmoil and high unemployment rates following World War I; the weakness and ineffectiveness of the Weimar government; the use of propaganda and appeals to national pride and resentment by the Nazi Party; and the failure of other political parties to effectively address these issues.
5. What role did the Treaty of Versailles play in the rise of the Nazi Party?
Answer – The Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended World War I, imposed heavy reparations on Germany and required the country to disarm and reduce the size of its military. Many Germans resented the treaty and believed that their country had been humiliated and punished unfairly. The resentment and bitterness caused by the treaty played a role in the rise of the Nazi Party, as the party used these feelings to gain support and tap into nationalistic sentiment.
6. How did the Nazi Party come to power in Germany?
Answer – The Nazi Party came to power in Germany through a combination of electoral victories, intimidation, and manipulation of the political system. In the 1930 elections, the Nazi Party became the largest party in the German parliament, and Hitler was appointed Chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg. The party then used its control of the government to suppress opposition and consolidate its power, eventually leading to Hitler’s appointment as Führer in 1934.
7. How did the Nazi regime use propaganda to promote its ideology and control the population?
Answer – The Nazi regime used propaganda extensively to promote its ideology and control the population. It used a variety of media, including posters, films, radio, and the press, to disseminate its messages and ideals. The regime also used propaganda to portray Hitler and the Nazi Party in a positive light, to promote national pride and unity, and to demonize and dehumanize targeted groups such as Jews, Romani, and homosexuals.
8. What were some of the key policies and actions of the Nazi regime?
Answer – Some of the key policies and actions of the Nazi regime included: the implementation of anti-Semitic laws and the persecution of Jews; the invasion and annexation of other countries; the establishment of concentration and extermination camps; the implementation of the “Final Solution,” a plan to exterminate Jews; and the initiation of World War II.
9. What was the Holocaust and how many people were killed in it?
Answer – The Holocaust was the systematic extermination of millions of Jews, Romani, homosexuals, disabled individuals, and political prisoners by the Nazi regime during World War II. It is estimated that approximately six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, along with millions of others.
10. How did the Nazi regime come to an end?
Answer – The Nazi regime came to an end with the Allied victory in World War II and the subsequent collapse of the Nazi state. Hitler and many high-ranking Nazi officials were arrested and put on trial for war crimes, and many were subsequently convicted and executed. The remaining members of the Nazi Party were banned and the party’s assets were seized.
11. What was the Enabling Act and what impact did it have on the Nazi regime?
Answer – The Enabling Act was a law passed by the German parliament in 1933 that gave Hitler and the Nazi Party the authority to pass their own laws without parliamentary approval. The Enabling Act effectively granted Hitler dictatorial powers and allowed the Nazi regime to bypass the normal legislative process.
12. How did the Nazi regime use violence and terror to maintain control?
Answer – The Nazi regime used violence and terror as a means of maintaining control over the population. It used the secret police (Gestapo) and other security forces to suppress dissent, imprison or execute opponents of the regime, and enforce its laws and policies. The regime also established concentration camps and extermination camps where millions of people were killed.
13. How did the Nazi regime impact the economy and labor force in Germany?
Answer – The Nazi regime implemented policies that aimed to boost the German economy and achieve self-sufficiency. It implemented conscription, which required all able-bodied men to serve in the military, and established state control over industries such as arms production. However, the regime’s focus on military expansion and its oppressive policies led to economic instability and suffering for many Germans.
14. How did the Nazi regime impact the education system in Germany?
Answer – The Nazi regime implemented policies that aimed to indoctrinate young people with its ideology and values. Children were required to join organizations such as the Hitler Youth, where they were taught Nazi ideology and trained in military drills. The regime also implemented policies that removed Jewish and politically dissident teachers from the education system and replaced them with Nazi Party members.
15. What was the Nuremberg Trials and what impact did they have?
Answer – The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied powers after World War II to prosecute high-ranking Nazi officials for war crimes and crimes against humanity. The trials had a significant impact on the aftermath of the war, as they established the principle of individual criminal responsibility for violations of international law and set the stage for future war crimes trials. Many Nazi officials were convicted and sentenced to prison or execution as a result of the Nuremberg Trials.