Computer Science Class 12 Notes

Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Computer Science Class 12 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Computer Science (083) class 12.

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Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.
Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined
functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters,
positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global
scope, local scope)
Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths
Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a
file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading
from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data
in a text file
Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+),
close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search,
append and update operations in a binary file
CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using csv.writer() and read
from a csv file using csv.reader( )
Data Structure: Stack, operations on stack (push & pop), implementation of stack using list.

Computer Science Class 12 Notes

Computer Science Class 12 MCQ

Computer Science Class 12 Questions and Answers

Unit II: Computer Networks (Computer Science Class 12 Notes)

Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET,
NSFNET, INTERNET)
Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data
communication (sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity
of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit
switching, Packet switching)
Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic
cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI
card)
Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking
topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup
Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting

Unit III: Database Management

Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key,
primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation
Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary
key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table,
describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table,
insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause,
where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command,
delete command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins:
cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update,
delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating
database connectivity applications