Information Technology Class 10

Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Web Application and Security Class 10 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

Web Application and Security Class 10 Notes

Session 1 : Working with Accessibility  Options

Computer Accessibility means making computer systems user-friendly for everyone, including individuals with disabilities, with the help of Assistive Technology. It allows people with disabilities or impairments to use computers effectively. There are various types of disabilities that can affect computer usage, such as –

• Visual Impairment
• Hearing Impairment
• Motor Impairment
• Cognitive Impairments and Learning disabilities.
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism

How to Launch Accessibility Option

To launch accessibility options in Windows XP Click on Start > Control Panel > Accessibility Option

Various tabs in Accessibility Option

Keyboard Tab

Sticky Keys : Sticky Keys makes it easier for people with disabilities to use keyboard shortcuts and commands Sticky Keys allowing them to push one key at a time rather than many keys at once. For those who have trouble pushing many keys at once or have motor disabilities.

Filter Keys : People with motor disabilities or who have difficulty typing quickly. When Filter Keys is enabled, the computer will ignore brief or repeated keystrokes, which can reduce accidental keystrokes and improve typing accuracy. This feature also allows the user to adjust the keyboard’s repeat rate and delay.

Toggle Keys : Toggle Keys makes an audible sound whenever the Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock keys are depressed. This feature is useful for people with visual impairments or who have difficulty recognizing when these keys are pressed.

Sound Tab

SoundSentry : If the user have hearing loss, hearing difficulties, or who prefer visual signals can benefit from SoundSentry. SoundSentry helps the computer shows a visual warning indication to the user such as a flashing title bar or taskbar button, to draw the user’s attention.

ShowSounds : This feature is designed to help users who are deaf or hard of hearing or who have difficulty hearing system sounds. This feature provides visual warning and sounds warning both, such as startup sounds with startup logo, error beeps with warning message, flashing windows with sound, bouncing icon with sound, and other system alerts.

Display Tab

Hight Contrast : High Contrast is an accessibility feature in computer which helps to change the font size and color of the text, increases the contrast between foreground and background colors, bolder colors for text, increasing the thickness of lines and borders, This will making text and images more visible and easier to read for people with visual impairments.

Cursor Options : Cursor Options refer to the settings that control the behavior and appearance of the mouse or other pointing device in a computer system, for example change in the cursor speed, pointer size, and mouse button configuration. This option is particularly those who having mobility impairments or difficulties using a standard mouse or touchpad.

Mouse Tab

MouseKeys : MouseKeys is an accessibility feature in computers that allows users to control the mouse cursor using the numeric keypad instead of a standard mouse or touchpad. This feature is particularly useful for people with mobility impairments or difficulties using a standard mouse.

Serial Keys : Serial keys is an accessibility feature that allows users to control a computer using special input devices that can be connected to the computer’s serial port. These input devices, such as sip-and-puff switches or breath controllers, enable users with limited mobility or dexterity to provide input to the computer without using a keyboard or mouse.

Sip-and-Puff input devices typically consist of a mouthpiece or tube that users can sip or puff into, and a sensor that detects the airflow and translates it into input signals that the computer can recognize.

Session 2 : Networking Fundamentals

A network is a group of computers or other devices that are connected together to enable resource sharing, information sharing and communication with the help of communcation channels between the devices in a network. With the help of communication channels user can share file, printers, and other resources, as well as communicate with other using chat, email or video conferencing.

Network are designed based on following architectures –

1. Peer-to-Peer Architecture: This type of architecture enables devices to communicate and share resources directly with each other, without the need for a central server. This type of network has an equal status and competent CPU.
2. Client-Server Architecture: This type of architecture uses servers to manage resources and provide services to clients. Clients send requests to the server, and the server responds with the requested information.

Types of Network

1. Local Area Network (LAN): A network that covers a small area, such as a home or office, and connects devices together to enable communication and resource sharing.
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that spans a large geographic area, such as a country or the world, and connects different LANs and other networks together.
3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that covers a geographic area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city or region.

Advantages of using Network

• Resource Sharing: Networks allow to share resources, such as printers, scanners, and storage devices, among multiple users.
• Communication: Networks allow users to communicate and collaborate with each other through email, chat, video conferencing, and other tools.
• Data Transfer: Networks enable high-speed data transfer and sharing to multiple users.
• Centralized Management: Networks allow for centralized management of devices making it easier to monitor and control access to sensitive data and applications.

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks which connect billions of people world wide using a internet porotocol. It is made up of many different networks, including public, private, commercial, academic and government networks. The basic work of Internet is access and sharing information, resources and services.

What are the different uses of Internet

• Communication: Online messaging, video calls and social media.
• Information: Access to vast information through search engines like Google.
• Entertainment: Streaming music, movies, TV shows, online gaming, and social media.
• Education: Online learning and educational resources.
• Commerce: Online shopping and e-commerce.
• Research: Collaboration and information sharing for breakthroughs in medicine, engineering, and technology.

a) World Wide Web: The World Wide Web, also referred to as the Web or W3, is a collection of connected hypertext pages that may be accessed online. Web pages that contain text, photos, videos, and other multimedia can be viewed using a web browser, and one can use hyperlinks to move between them.

b) Web Browser: A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and view web pages on the World Wide Web. Some of the popular web browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge.

c) Web Server: A web server is a computer system that stores websites and their associated files for access over the internet.

d) Internet Service Provider: An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides internet access to customers. ISPs connect users to the internet via various technologies such as dial-up, DSL, cable, fiber-optic, or wireless connections. ISPs offer various internet plans with different speeds, data limits, and prices.

Example – Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Airtel, MTS, Vodafone, Tata Docomo, etc. 

e) Modem: A modem is a device that enables computers to transmit data over telephone lines or cable lines. It converts digital signals generated by computers into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone or cable line, and vice versa. Its is also known MOdulator/DEModulator.

f) Types of Common Internet Connectivity: The many types of Internet connectivity that are currently accessible can be broadly divided into wired and wireless access. The table below provides a summary of several Internet access options, divided into wired and wireless:

Some of the commonly used Internet connectivity are –

a) Dial-up: Uses a modem to establish a connection over a phone line. Slow and outdated technology.

b) DSL: Digital Subscriber Line uses existing phone lines to provide high-speed internet access. Offers faster speeds than dial-up.

c) Cable Internet Access: Uses a cable television line to provide high-speed internet access. Offers faster speeds than DSL.

d) 3G: Third-generation cellular network that offers mobile internet access.

e) WiMAX: WiMAX (World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless broadband technology that offers high-speed data transmission over a wide area.

f) Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the internet using radio waves.

Session 3 : Introduction to Instant Messaging

Instant Messaging: Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time or online communication method that enables users to send and receive text messages and other digital files through a network or the internet.

Features of an instant messaging are as follows:

• Quick and easy communication between individuals or groups.
• It is a cost-effective communication method as it does not require expensive phone calls or postage.
• Instant messaging allows for real-time collaboration and decision-making.
• It enables users to share files, images, and other multimedia quickly and easily.
• Users can stay connected with friends and family around the world in real-time.
• It provides a record of conversation history.

Type of Instant Messaging : There are two Types of Instance Messaging (IM) Application Based and Web Based.

a) Application Based: Application based instant messaging software can download and installed in Computer and mobile phone. Some of the popular Instance Messaging Software are –

• Google Talk
• Yahoo! Messanger
• Skype
• Windows Live Messenger
• Rediff Bol, etc

b) Web Based: Web based instant messaging software can open in web browsers for example Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge etc. Some of the popular web based Instant messaging software are –

• Yahoo! Messenger (Support Application and Web both)
• Meebo
• MSN Web Messanger
• IMO, etc.

Session 4 : Chatting With A Contact – Google Talk

Google Talk: A free instant messaging service offered by Google was called Google Talk. Users could make audio calls, send files, and chat with other Google Talk users on a computer or mobile device.

Google Talk was officially discontinued by Google in 2017, and its features have been merged into Google Hangouts.

There are some general rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting.

• Use appropriate language and tone
• Avoid using all caps as it can be interpreted as shouting
• Use proper grammar and spelling to ensure clear communication
• Respect other people’s privacy and personal information
• Do not share sensitive or confidential information
• Stay on topic and avoid excessive or irrelevant messages
• Be mindful of other people’s time and avoid sending too many messages in a short period
• Avoid using offensive language or making derogatory comments about others
• Do not send spam or unsolicited messages
• Be polite and courteous in all communications.

Session 5 : Creating and Publishing Web Pages – Blog

Blog: A blog is a type of website or online platform where an individual or group of individuals can share their thoughts, opinions, experiences, or knowledge on various topics in the form of written articles or posts. Blogs can be personal or professional in nature, and can cover a wide range of topics such as food, travel, politics, technology, and more.

Some of the popular Website provide blog services are –

• www.WordPress.com
• www.blogger.com
• www.blog.com
• www.weebly.com
• www.blogsome.com

Session 6 : Using Offline Blog Editors

Offline blog editors are software tools that allow users to create and edit blog posts offline, without the need for an internet connection. These editors typically offer more features and customization options than online editors, and they allow bloggers to work on their posts at their own pace and on their own schedule.

Free offline blog editors are –

• Qumana
• Windows Live Writer
• Blogdesk

Session 7 : Online Transactions

Online transactions have made transactions very convenient and simplified the workflow in many forms in a business. Online transactions deals with transfer of money over the internet. Revolution in the electronic media has made transaction handling easy .

Online shopping could be useful in situations when:

• A customer does not have sufficient time to visit stores.
• When you are unable to leave your home due to illness, disability, or other constraints.
• When you want to take advantage of online-exclusive deals and discounts.
• Visiting a store is more expensive than purchasing a product online.
• A product or service that is not available in the local market is available online.

Some of the popular online transaction websites are:

• IRCTC, an online portal for booking flight and train tickets.
• Flipkart, an online shopping portal for buying consumer products.
• EBay, an online portal for buying and selling goods.
• Redbus, an online portal for booking bus tickets.

Session 8 : Internet Security

Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security.

Best Practices for Security

Use strong passwords. You can make a password that is difficult for other users to guess or crack by combining alphanumeric and special characters. Avoid using single or combination passwords that include your favourite colour, names of friends or family members, bike number, or mobile number.

Following is a general guideline for managing strong passwords.

1. Length: Make sure the password is at least 12-14 characters long if possible.
2. Avoid repetition: Do not use the same character or set of characters repeatedly in the password.
3. Avoid dictionary words: Do not use words that can be found in a dictionary.
4. Avoid sequences: Do not use letter or number sequences such as “abcdefg” or “123456”.
5. Avoid personal information: Do not use usernames, pet names, relatives’ names, or something that the public or workmates know you strongly like or dislike.
6. Include numbers and symbols: If allowed, include numbers and symbols in the password.
7. Use both upper and lower case letters: Use a mix of upper and lower case letters in the password.
8. Avoid reusing passwords: Do not use the same password for multiple sites or purposes.
9. Consider using a random password generator: If possible, use a random password generator to create a strong and unique password.
10. Example: A strong password example is “u1vX:,4Hd{]$”.

Encryption Software

Encryption Software convert the data or information into a secret code or cipher, which can only be accessed with a specific decryption key. This type of software is commonly used to protect sensitive data from unauthorized user or theft.

How to prevent our personal information 

1. Don’t share your personal information related to your credit card or online banking, such as your credit card number, account information, etc., 
2. Use antivirus and antispyware software 
3. Antivirus and Antispyware programs also offer real-time protection monitoring your computer for any changes by malware software.
4. Do not immediately respond to mails from unknown users
5. Clear browser cookies frequently
6. Keep the operating system and software applications up to date
7. Never install software from unknown sources
8. Remove unwanted or unknown software applications

Install firewalls

A firewall, which could be hardware or software, can help keep a network and computer secure. Firewalls examine network traffic to decide whether or not it should be permitted.

Clearing Data Stored In Browsers

Passwords entered into online forms can be stored using the built-in password management features of web browsers. When users try to enter into websites, browsers frequently ask if they want to save their usernames and passwords.

To clear personal data from a web browser such as Mozilla Firefox, launch the browser. 

• Click Tools Menu, click Options.
• Click Security Tab. The following window will be displayed:

Session 9 : Maintain Workplace Safety

Maintain Workplace Safety

A uniform set of safety guidelines and practises must be followed by every organisation. These guidelines must be expressed and prominently displayed in key locations. To follow safety regulations, all staff must get training and demonstrations.

Workplace safety basics to follow: fire safety, slip-and-fall prevention, electrical safety, and first aid.

Basic Fire safety rules in an organization are

• Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
• Conduct regular drills
• Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
• Keep workplace a no-smoking zone
• Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of regularly

Falls and Slips Safety rules

• Keep the moving area clean and clutter free.
• Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light.
• Wear non slippery footwear.
• Floors must be clean and dry
• Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.

Electrical Safety Rules

• Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
• Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely
• Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced. All old and workout and frayed switches and wires should be changed.
• Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.
• Take care that the outlets/ circuits should not be overloaded .
• Switch off and unplug the electrical appliances before cleaning or relocating them.

Some rules of First Aid are

• Assure the injured to remain calm and not to panic
• Keep them warm if they are under shock
• Do not move the victim in case of back/neck injury

Session 10 : Prevent Accidents and Emergencies 

Types of Accidents:

Accidents may be of following types :

• Accidents at workplace : Slips and fall accidents, fire
• Industrial disease/illness
• Road traffic accidents
• Clinical Accidents
• Sports related accidents

Handling Accidents

• Every organization must follow SOP for accident handling
• Safety measures must be placed to prevent workplace accidents
• Immediately call the medical team for any injury
• Stay alert
• Pay attention to and follow emergency drills

Emergency

To stop more losses and to reduce the loss, an emergency needs to be treated right away. To spot any form of disaster, one must be vigilant. There are numerous crises that could happen at home. in job or in school.

Types of Emergency

There are many different kinds of emergencies, thus it is important to have an emergency management plan in place. The following are some examples of emergencies:

• Chemical spills
• Extreme heat waves
• Droughts
• Pandemics
• Terrorist attack
• Fire
• Floods
• Thunderstorms
• Leakage of some hazardous gas/ chemical

Some of the types of emergencies that require evacuation are:

● Fire
● Explosion
● Floods
● Earthquake
● Hurricane
● Tornado
● Toxic material release
● Civil disturbance
● Workplace violence

Session 11 : Protect Health and Safety at Work

A company may face health risks that risk the lives of its employees. A hazard is something that could potentially cause harm, damage, or any type of loss of life or health.

Hazards can be of different types depending on the industry and the environment in which the employees work. The different types of hazards include:

• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Mechanical

Sources of Hazards

Checklist for Workstations : The workstation should:

• provide sufficient space for the user to alter position comfortably
• provide adequate lighting
• have windows fitted with adjustable coverings to alter the sunlight level
• be spacious enough when a workstation is shared by more than one person

The display screen should:

• display well-defined characters of adequate size and spacing
• have a stable image
• have easily adjustable brightness and contrast
• tilt and swivel easily to suit the user
• be free from glare and reflection.
• Use a separate base for the screen or an adjustable table

The keyboard should:

• be able to tilt easily and should be able to separate from the screen to allow the user to adopt a comfortable working position
• have space in front to provide support for the hands or arms of the user
• have a matt surface
• have clearly legible symbols on the keys

The work surface should:

• provide adequate space for the user
• have a low reflective surface
• be of an adequate size to allow the screen, keyboard and other peripherals to be flexibly arranged
• have a stable and adjustable document holder, which should be at the same level as the screen and at the same viewing distance

Workplace Evacuation

There should be a plan in place for evacuation in an emergency. In the event of an emergency or disaster, evacuation is the process of vacating a location.

Every business must take the following precautions to ensure a safe evacuation in an emergency:

• Every organization must have an evacuation policy
• Organization must have a designated assembly point for emergencies.
• A ‘buddy system’ for individuals with special needs or disabilities must be designated.
• Floor plans with evacuation routes in work areas.
• Assembly areas, where you are required to assemble after evacuation, must be properly taken care of.
• Periodic evacuation drills should be conducted. Ensure that you pay attention during these drills

Healthy Living

A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve people’s health and well being.

A healthy lifestyle includes :

• healthy eating habits
• physical activities
• stress management
• healthy mind
• sound sleep
• goal setting

Information Technology Class 10 Link

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers

Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Database Management System Class 10 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

What is Database?

An organised group of data that is kept and accessible electronically is referred to as a database. It is a digital repository that enables the effective management, storage, and retrieval of both organised and unorganised data. Information like client records, financial data, inventory listings, and much more can be stored in databases. Example of database are – Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL etc.

What is a Database Management System?

Data is stored, retrieved, and analyzed using software called database management systems (DBMS). Users can create, read, update, and remove data in databases using a Database Management System, which acts as an interface between them and the databases. Example of database Management System are – Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL etc.

Data can be organized into two types:

• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data. basically for small-scale organization where data does not need to be strucutred in a complex way. Example of database software are Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field. Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data. Example of database software are MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle Database..

What is Database Server? 

Database servers are dedicated computers that are designed to store data and provide database services to other computers. We use a database to store, organize, manage and retrieve data efficiently and effectively. The database servers run only database and database related software.

Advantages of Database

Reduces Data Redundancy

Data redundancy means when same data is stored more than one places, which increased complexity and wasted of storage space, so, database helps to reduce data redundacy.

Sharing of Data

A database allows its users to exchange data among themselves. The data can only be shared with users who have received the appropriate degrees of authorization because there are different levels of access to the data.

Data Integrity

Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database management system (DBMS). Database ensures that the data is reliable and can be trusted for decision making and other critical business processes.

Data Security

A database’s concept of data security is important. The database should only be accessible to authorised users, whose identities must be verified using a username and password. 

Privacy

The privacy rule in a database ensures that only authorized users can access the database and view data according to the specific privacy constraints. To maintain data security, access levels are set in the database so that a user can only view data that they are not allowed to modify if the permission is not given.

For example, in social networking sites, different accounts have different access constraints, and users are only allowed to view the other account data that is permitted for their specific account.

Backup and Recovery

Database Management System automaticlly take backup and recovery processes to ensure the protection and availability of data. This means that the DBMS automatically creates and manages backups of the database at regular intervals, and also provides tools to recover data in the event of a failure or data loss.

Data Consistency

Data consistency refers to the accuracy and reliability of data stored in a database or other data storage system. It means that the data is consistent and valid across all instances where it is stored or accessed.

For example, if a customer’s name and address are stored in multiple tables within a database, the data must be consistent across all table.

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Features of Database

There are some key features of a database:

1. One or more tables can be added in the database.
2. Decreased storage costs and space requirements
3. Users can use query languages in a database.
4. Multiple users can access the data from the database .
5. Unique keys aid in preventing errors caused by human or technological mishaps.

Primary Key, Composite Primary  Key and Foreign Key in a Database

In the RDBMS data can be integrated using keys. These are Primary Key, Composite Primary Key, and Foreign Key, Key are used to make the relationship between the tables. 

1. Primary Key – This unique field is called the Primary Key (PK). primary key is a field or a set of fields that uniquely identify each record in a table. A primary key must be unique and cannot contain null values.
2. Composite Primary Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.
3. Foreign Key – A composite primary key is a primary key that consists of two or more fields that together uniquely identify each record in a table.

What is RDBMS?

A database management system that is based on the relational model is called an RDBMS (Relation Database Management System). Tables are used to organise data in relational databases. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is used to store, manage, query, and retrieve data.

Database Objects 

a. Tables: Data is arranged into rows and columns in a table, which is a type of data structure. It can be applied to both the storage and presentation of structured data.

b. Columns or Fields or Attributes: Data is arranged vertically from top to bottom in columns. Each row of the table has one column, which is a collection of data values of a specific basic type. The structure by which the rows are put together is provided by the columns.

c. Rows or Records or Tuples: A row, also known as a Record or Tuple, in a table represents a single data item. A database table can be represented graphically as being made up of rows and columns, or fields. Every row in a table has the same structure and represents a group of connected data.

Difference between DBMS and RDBMS

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

How to create a database using Open Office

• Step 1 : Click on Start > Programs > OpenOffice > OpenOffice Base
• Step 2 : Click on Create a new database
• Step 3 : In the Database Wizard, Click on Finish
• Step 4 : Specify a the Name of database and click on Save

How to create a table in Database

The database’s tables are used to store data. In the database, In OpenOffice Base the tables can be created in two different ways.

1. Create Table in Design View
2. Use Wizard to Create Table

Create Table in Design View

• Step 1 : Click on Create Table in Design View
• Step 2 : Select Field name and suitable datatype
• Step 3 : Set the Primary Key
• Step 4 : Change the table name
• Step 5 : Save the table

Use Wizard to Create Table

• Step 1 : Click on Table > Use Wizard to Create table 
• Step 2 : Click the Select Fields > Choose Category > Select the table > Click on Next Button
• Step 3 : Select data types from the given field
• Step 4 : Set the Primary Key 
• Step 5 : Rename the table and Click on Finish

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Data Types

The type of data (value) that will be stored in the database is defined by its datatype. Important to know the different types of data helps to ensure that each property’s value is as expected and that data is collected in the correct format.

Data types in OpenOffice base are broadly classified into five categories listed below.

• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable types

Numeric Types

Numerical data types are data types that store numeric values in a database. Numeric data types can be further divided into several subtypes, including:

Alphanumeric Types

Data that has both letters and numbers is referred to as alphanumeric type.

Binary Types

For storing data in binary formats, binary data types are utilised. In a database, binary data types can be used to store things like music and image files. The binary data type can generally be used to store files in any format.

Date Time

When specifying date and time values for a column used in a database table, date time data types are used. Information like dates of birth, admissions, product sales, and other dates can be stored in databases using date and time data types.

Other Data Types

Database Management System Class 10 Notes

Session 3 : Perform Operations on Table

In Base, data is kept in tables that may be added to, changed, or deleted by using the proper options.

Insert Data in the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Now you can Insert Number of records in Datasheet View

Editing Records in the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it.
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Edit the record as per the requirement

Deleting Record From the Table

• Step 1 : Select the table > Double click on it.
• Step 2 : The table will open in Datasheet View
• Step 3 : Right click on data and select delete option

Field Properties

To modify the field’s attributes It is necessary to modify the table structure in design view. The following actions will be taken to set the field’s properties:

Select the table > Right click > Select the option Edit > the table Design View window will open

Following are some properties of data of the numeric type:

1. AutoValue – if set to yes then field will get the auto numeric values.
2. Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum length.
3. Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while entering the values in the table.
4. Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such as 91-222-333.

Following are some properties of data of the character type:

1. Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be must to insert the value in the field which means that field cannot be left blank.
2. Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum length.
3. Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while entering the values in the table.
4. Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such as 91-222-333.

Sorting Data

Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order of descending order. Sorting is the process of putting data into a meaningful order so you can evaluate it more efficiently.

Referential Integrity

The relationship between tables is referred to as referential integrity. Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a relationship. In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary key and foreign key constraints.

Referential integrity helps to avoid:

1. Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key table.
2. Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
3. Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in associated table(s).

Creating and Editing Relationships between Tables

An association or link between two or more tables is referred to as a relationship. You don’t have to enter the same data again in different tables when you relate two tables.

Relationships between tables helps to

1. Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
2. Reduce data-entry errors.
3. Summarize data from related tables.

Type of Relationships in Database

There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:

1. ONE to ONE
2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
3. MANY to MANY

ONE to ONE

In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns.

ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE

In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column. It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of associated table.

MANY to MANY

In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.

Note Removing the Relationships – With the use of the Delete option, the relationships that have been applied to the tables can also be deleted. When you right-click a relationship thread, the Delete option will appear.

Session 4 : Retrieve Data using Query

In order to describe the data structure and to modify the data in the database, queries are used as instructions. A query enables the joining and filtering of data from various tables.

Database Languages having two type:

1. DDL (Data Definition Language)
2. DML (Data Manipulation Language)

DDL Statements:

• Create: Using this statement, a database or set of tables can be created.
• Alternate: This statement is used to change the table’s structure.
• Drop: This statement is used to remove database objects from the system.

DML statements:

• SELECT: The statement “SELECT” is used to get data from the database.
• INSERT: The statement “INSERT” is used to add a new record to the database.
• DELETE: The database can be cleaned out by using the statement DELETE.
• UPDATE: This statement is used to modify the database’s information.

Database Query

Query is a computer languages. In order to describe the data structure and to modify the data in the database, queries are used as instructions. Query can extract particular data from a database. We can filter and join data from various tables with the help of a query. By using the criteria you supply query will filter the data.

Select Statement 

A select query is a language in a database that displays data in Datasheet view. Data from tables is displayed by a query rather than being stored by it. A query may display data from one or more tables, from other queries, or from both of these sources simultaneously.

The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:

• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.

Syntax of Select Statement is – 

SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;

Query related to Simple Select Statement –

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display all record from the table;

Select * from product;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display product name from the table;

Select Product_Name from product;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display Product_Name and Price from the table;

Select Product_Name, Price from product;

Output –

Query related to Select Statement with Mathematical function –

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to find the total no of quantity available in table;

Select sum(quantity) from product;

Output – 235

Question – Display the total amount of each item. The amount must be calculated as the price multiplied by quantity for each item. 

Select Product_No, Product_Name, Price * Quantity from product;

Output –

Question – Write a query to find the average price of the total product;

Select avg(Quantity) from product;

Output – 58.75

Query related to Select Statement with Where clause

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display the product whose price is less than 90

Select * from product where price < 90;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to find the total amount of the Shampoo product;

Select Price*Quantity from product where Product_Name = ‘Shampoo’;

Output – 6250

Or

Select Product_No, Product_Name, Price*Quantity from product where Product_Name = 'Shampoo'; 

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display the data whose quantity is equal to 80.

Select * from product where quantity = 80;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to display a list of Products whose Price between 40 to 120.

Select * from product where Price >= 40 and Price <= 120;

Output – 

Query related to Select Statement with Order by

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Product_Name in alphabetical order.

Select * from product order by Product_Name ASC;

Or 

Select * from product order by Product_Name;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Price in ascending order.

Select * from product order by Price ASC;

Or 

Select * from product order by Price;

Output –

Question – Write a Query to display the list of Price in descending order.

Select * from product order by Price DESC;

Output – 

UPDATE statement 

To edit or update already-existing records in a table, use the UPDATE statement. Using the WHERE clause, you can either define a specific subset of entries to edit or use it to update everything at once. 

Syntax of Update Statement –

UPDATE <table name> SET = value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE ];

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to update the price of Shampoo in the product table.

Update product Set Price = 300 where Price = 250;

Output – 

Question – Write a Query to update the Quantity of Powder in the product table.

Update product Set Quantity = 50 where Product_Name = ‘Powder’;

Output – 

Create Table 

To create a new table in the database you can use Create Table Command.

Syntax of Create Table –

CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype);

Question – Write a Query to create the following table in the database;

Table Name – product

Create table product ( Product_No Int, Product_Name Varchar(20), Price Int, Quantity Int);

Output – 

Insert Table

Insert statement is primarily used to add a single or more rows to the target table.

Syntax of Insert Table –

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Or 

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Table Name – product 

Question – Write a Query to add a new row with the following details 

(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60)

Insert into product (Product_No, Product_Name, Price, Quantity) values(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60);

Or

Insert into product values(72, “Hair Conditioner‟, 350, 60);

Output –  

Session 5 : Create Forms and Reports using Wizard

Forms

The Form allows you greater control over your outcomes. The form allows you to customize various parts of the form’s design and then generates a form based on your instructions.

Steps To Create Form Using Wizard

• Step 1 : Click Use Wizard to Create Form
• Step 2 : Select the selective Fields using Arrow button
• Step 3 : Click Next
• Step 4 : Add Subform if you need to insert 
• Step 5 : Click Next
• Step 6 : Arrange selected field in a form
• Step 7 : Click Next
• Step 8 : Click Finish

Reports 

A report helps in the presentation of data in a summarized format. It is utilized to create a clear format for the entire work product. In the database, you can build reports.

Steps To Create Report Using Wizard

• Step 1 : Click on Use Wizard to Create Report
• Step 2 : Select the selective Fields using Arrow button
• Step 3 : Click Next
• Step 4 : Redefine the label of the fields in the reports or else you can set the default name
• Step 5 : You can define grouping for the fields of the table
• Step 6 : Click on Next
• Step 7 : Click Finish

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers

Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes

Session 1 : Analyze data using Scenarios and Goal Seek

Data Consolidation

In OpenOffice, data consolidation refers to the combining of data from various sources or sheets into a single area for easy analysis and manipulation. It helps when working with data that is spread across multiple files or sheets and enhances productivity, accuracy, and decision-making abilities.

Advantages of using Consolidation Data –

• Saves time by combining information from various sources into one document.
• reduces the possibility of errors that could happen when manually copying data, which increases accuracy.
• allows you to examine and interact with the combined data in one place, which improves efficiency.
• improves decision-making by giving a thorough perspective of the data.
• Having all the data in one location makes it simpler to share it with other people.

To use the Consolidate tool in OpenOffice, follow these steps:

1. Open a new or existing spreadsheet in OpenOffice.
2. Select the cell where you want the consolidated data to appear.
3. Click on Data > Consolidate from the menu bar.
4. In the Consolidate dialog box, select the range of cells or sheets you want to consolidate.
5. Choose the function you want to use to consolidate the data (such as sum or average).
6. Specify any additional settings, such as whether to include labels or empty cells.
7. Click OK to consolidate the data.

Creating Subtotal in Electronic Spreadsheet

Subtotal in OpenOffice electronic spreadsheet refers to a function that calculates the subtotal of a range of values within a list or table. This function can be used to summarize data by category or group, allowing you to quickly see the total for each group.

Advantages of using Subtotal in OpenOffice electronic spreadsheet:

• Easy data analysis by grouping and summarizing data based on criteria.
• Improved accuracy by automating subtotal calculations and reducing errors.
• Increased efficiency by saving time and effort.
• Enhanced organization by grouping data into categories and subcategories.
• Customizable grouping and calculation criteria for flexibility in data analysis.

To use the Subtotal function in OpenOffice, follow these steps:

1. Open a new or existing spreadsheet in OpenOffice.
2. Select the range of data you want to subtotal.
3. Click on Data > Subtotals from the menu bar.
4. In the Subtotals dialog box, select the column you want to group by and the function you want to use (such as sum or count).
5. Click OK to apply the subtotals.

Using “What-if” Scenarios in Electronic Spreadsheet

Scenarios in OpenOffice electronic spreadsheet refer to a feature that allows you to create and compare different sets of data to explore different outcomes or possibilities. Scenarios are useful when you want to explore how changes in data will affect your calculations, such as in financial modeling or forecasting.

What is use of What-if in scenario

“what-if” analysis in scenarios, you can test different possibilities and explore the potential impact of changes to your data, helping you make more informed decisions.

Advantages of using Scenarios in OpenOffice electronic spreadsheet:

• Allows you to explore different outcomes or possibilities based on changes to your data.
• Helps you to better understand your data and make more informed decisions.
• Particularly useful in financial modeling, forecasting, and other areas where you need to explore the impact of different variables on your data.
• Provides a way to compare and contrast different sets of data and their potential impact.
• Can save time by allowing you to easily create and test different scenarios.

To use Scenarios in OpenOffice, follow these steps:

1. Open a new or existing spreadsheet in OpenOffice.
2. Enter the original data that you want to use as the basis for your scenarios.
3. Click on Tools > Scenarios from the menu bar.
4. In the Scenarios dialog box, click on Add to create a new scenario.
5. Give your scenario a name and select the cells you want to vary in your scenario.
6. Enter the new values for each cell in your scenario.
7. Click OK to save your scenario.
8. Repeat steps 4-7 to create additional scenarios.
9. To compare scenarios, click on Tools > Scenarios and select the scenarios you want to compare. 

Goal Seek in Electronic Spreadsheet

Goal Seek in electronic spreadsheet refers to a feature that allows you to find the input value needed to achieve a specific output value. This can be useful when you know the desired result of a calculation, but you are not sure what input value is needed to achieve that result.

For example, you might use Goal Seek to determine what interest rate is needed to pay off a loan in a specific amount of time, or what sales volume is needed to achieve a certain profit margin.

To use Goal Seek in an electronic spreadsheet, follow these steps:

1. Enter the formula that you want to use in the cell where you want the output value to appear.
2. Enter an initial value for the input cell that you want to change.
3. Click on Tools > Goal Seek from the menu bar.
4. In the Goal Seek dialog box, enter the output value you want to achieve and select the cell containing the input value you want to change.
5. Click OK to run the Goal Seek analysis.
6. The Goal Seek feature will calculate the value needed to achieve the desired output and update the input cell with the new value.

Solver in Electronic Spreadsheet

The Solver is a more advanced version of Goal Seek. While Goal Seek is designed to find a single variable solution, Solver can handle equations with multiple unknown variables. It is used to find the best possible outcome that meets a set of defined conditions, such as minimizing or maximizing a particular result based on a set of rules or constraints that you define.

Note : if you have a set of data with multiple variables, you can use Solver to find the combination of values that will produce the desired outcome.

Solver example

Consider investing $10,000 over the course of a year in two mutual funds. Fund X is a lower risk fund with an interest rate of 8%, whereas Fund Y has a greater risk interest rate of 12%. How much should be put into each fund in order to generate a total interest of $1,000?

Difference between goal seek and solver

Session 2 : Link Data and Spreadsheets

You may also link cells from several worksheets and spreadsheets to summarise data from numerous sources using spreadsheets. This allows you to build formulas that combine data from several sources and perform computations using both linked and local data. 

Inserting New Sheet

When you open a new spreadsheet, it usually contains three sheet named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3. If you want to insert a new sheet into the spreadsheet, there are different methods you can use.

Steps for Creating New Sheet –

1. Choose Insert > Sheet from the menu bar, 
2. Insert the sheet by right-clicking on the tab, 
3. Click in the empty area at the end of the sheet tabs.

Renaming Sheets

• Step 1 : Double-click on the name of a current worksheet.
• Step 2 : Use the context menu that appears when you right-click on the name of an existing worksheet to select Rename.
• Step 3 : Click on the worksheet tab to choose the worksheet you want to rename, and then choose the Sheet option from the Format menu. The Rename option should be chosen from the submenu that is displayed when you do this.

Cell Reference

Cell referencing in a spreadsheet is the process of referring to a specific cell or range of cells within a worksheet by using a unique identifier. This unique identifier is called a cell reference and it is made up of a combination of a column letter and a row number that identifies the location of a particular cell.

There are two ways to reference cells in other sheets – 

1. Creating The Reference With The Mouse 
2. Creating The Reference With The Keyboard.

Creating The Reference With The Mouse

Both spreadsheets must be open in order to construct the reference with the mouse. Choose the cell where the formula will be entered.

Creating The Reference With The Keyboard

Referencing It’s easy to enter a cell reference using the keyboard in a formula. The reference consists of three parts:

• Path and file name
• Sheet name
• Cell

Example – =’file:///Path &File Name’#$SheetName.CellName.

Working with Hyperlinks

In Calc, you can utilise hyperlinks to navigate between spreadsheet cells and to other areas of the same or different files, websites, or even other spreadsheets.

Hyperlinks can be stored within your file as either relative or absolute.

Relative And Absolute Hyperlinks

Relative and absolute hyperlinks are used in spreadsheet applications, such as OpenOffice Calc, to create links between cells or other resources within the same spreadsheet or to external files and web pages.

a. Relative Hyperlinks – Relative hyperlinks are links that are specified in relation to the current cell’s location. They typically use a path that is relative to the current file’s location. For example, if you are currently on cell A1 and you want to link to cell B1 in the same sheet, you can use the relative hyperlink “B1”.

b. Absolute Hyperlinks – Absolute hyperlinks, on the other hand, specify the full path or URL of the resource being linked to. For example, to link to a web page located at “https://cbseskilleducation.com/information-technology-class-10-notes/”, you can use the absolute hyperlink “https://cbseskilleducation.com/information-technology-class-10-notes/”.

Linking to External Data

To insert external data, such as tables from HTML documents or named ranges from other spreadsheets, into OpenOffice Calc, you can use the External Data dialog or the Navigator.

1. Using the External Data dialog: Go to “Data” > “External Data”, select the source of the data, and choose the specific data to insert. You can link to the external data or copy it into your spreadsheet.
2. Using the Navigator: Click on the “Navigator” icon or press F5, expand the “Data Sources” section, select the source of the data, and drag and drop the table or named range into your spreadsheet.

Session 3 : Sharing Worksheet Data

Spreadsheet software gives users the option to share and store workbooks in a network location so that numerous users can view the same workbook at once. This function helps users collaborate more effectively by increasing the efficiency of data entering.

Setting up a Spreadsheet for Sharing

You can create a spreadsheet at any moment and share it with others. Open the spreadsheet document and select Tools > Share Document to enable the document’s collaborative features. You can choose whether to activate or disable sharing from a dialogue that appears.

Record Changes

You may track changes made to a spreadsheet by yourself or other users using the “Record Changes” option in OpenOffice Calc. When working on a spreadsheet with others, reviewing and editing data, and keeping track of multiple people’s edits, this capability comes in handy.

Any changes you make to the spreadsheet are noted in the document and recorded when the “Record Changes” option is turned on in OpenOffice Calc.

Turned on Record Changes featue ON

• Open the Spreadsheet
• Click on Edit > Changes > Record
• Now, You can start Editing the worksheet

Viewing Changes

Calc gives the control over the spread sheet to view the changes you or other have done in Worksheet. To change the available filters, select Edit > Changes > Show. The following dialog opens.

In OpenOffice Calc, you can view changes made to a spreadsheet using the “Record Changes” feature.

• Date filter: Shows only the changes made within a specified time range.
• Author filter: Displays changes made by a specific person, which is useful when multiple reviewers are working on the worksheet.
• Range filter: Shows only changes made within a specific range of cells, helpful for large spreadsheets.
• Comment filter: Displays changes that have comments matching the search criteria.
• Show accepted changes: Displays only the changes that you have accepted.
• Show rejected changes: Displays only the changes that you have rejected.

Accepting or Rejecting Changes

You have the choice to accept or reject the changes once you’ve done editing the document. When changes are accepted, they are made permanent parts of the document; when changes are rejected, the document returns to the way it was before the changes were made.

1. Go to the “Edit” menu and select “Changes” followed by “Accept or Reject.”
2. In the Accept or Reject Changes dialog box, you can either accept or reject changes one-by-one or all at once.

 Merging Worksheets

Merging worksheets in OpenOffice Calc is a feature that allows you to combine two or more worksheets into a single worksheet. This is useful when you have data spread across multiple worksheets that you want to consolidate into a single worksheet for analysis or reporting purposes.

• Open the Worksheet
• Select Edit > Changes > Merge Document
• Select the file from selection dialog box
• Use Accept or Reject changes

Comparing Document

You can compare two or more spreadsheets in OpenOffice Calc using a feature called “Document Comparison” to find discrepancies between them. This can be helpful when you want to evaluate edits made to a spreadsheet by another person or when you want to compare two spreadsheet versions for inconsistencies or errors.

• Open worksheet
• Select Edit > Compare Document
• Select the original worksheet
• Now, You can find the changes

Create and use Micros in Spreadsheet

Using Micors

A macro in OpenOffice is a set of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later usage. Macro might be simple, like inputting an address automatically, or sophisticated, like automating a sequence of calculations. Because the OpenOffice macro language is so flexible, users can automate a variety of processes. When repetitive actions need to be carried out repeatedly in the same manner, macros are especially helpful.

Advantages of Micro

• The repetitive and routine processes are automated by macros.
• Macros rsave your time

Creating Macro in Spreadsheet

• Open Worksheet
• Click on Tools > Macros > Record Macro
• Click on Start/Stop recording

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers