Class 9 Social Science

Students can access Social Science Class 9 NCERT Solutions to answer textbook questions and practice for exams. The solutions are designed to help students self-evaluate their progress and identify knowledge gaps. They cover all questions from the class textbooks in History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics. By regularly practicing these solutions, students can prepare more competently and score high marks in exams.

Each chapter’s solutions are provided , with proper explanations of the entire chapter. The NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History are designed in a systematic manner to boost students’ confidence and help them learn all the concepts effectively.

Social Science Class 9 NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 9 History

• Chapter 1: The French Revolution
• Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
• Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
• Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism
• Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

CBSE Class 9 Geography

• Chapter 1: India – Size and Location
• Chapter 2: Physical Features of India
• Chapter 3: Drainage
• Chapter 4: Climate
• Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
• Chapter 6: Population

CBSE Class 9 Political Science

• Chapter 1 – What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
• Chapter 2 – Constitutional Design
• Chapter 3 – Electoral Politics
• Chapter 4 – Working of Institutions
• Chapter 5 – Democratic Rights

CBSE Class 9 Economics

• Chapter 1: The Story of Village Palampur
• Chapter 2: People as Resource
• Chapter 3: Poverty as a Challenge
• Chapter 4: Food Security in India

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is NCERT?

NCERT stands for (National Council of Educational Research and Training) is an independent agency offers teachers and students in India access to educational materials and support.

Q. What are NCERT solutions?

Answers to the questions found in NCERT-published textbooks can be found in NCERT solutions. These solutions are intended to aid students in comprehending the material and getting ready for their tests.

Q. Where can I find NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science?

You can find NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science online on various educational websites or on the official NCERT website.

Q. Are NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science free?

Yes, the official NCERT website as well as other educational websites provide available free NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science.

Q. Which subjects are covered in Class 9 Social Science?

History, geography, political science, and economics are the four subjects covered in class 9 social science.

Q. What is the best way to prepare for Class 9 Social Science exams?

The best way to prepare for Class 9 Social Science exams is to understand the concepts thoroughly, practice the questions given in the textbook and solve previous year question papers. You can also use NCERT solutions and other study materials to help you prepare better.

CBSE Skill Education

Food Security in India Class 9 NCERT Solutions – These solutions have been prepared by subject experts to help students prepare for their exams with ease. They can be downloaded in PDF format and used as a reference tool for a quick review of all the topics. The NCERT solutions provide detailed and step-wise explanations for all the answers to the questions given in the chapter exercises, facilitating a smooth and precise understanding of the concepts.

Food Security in India Class 9 NCERT Solutions

Q. How is food security ensured in India?

Answer – The Indian government meticulously crafted a food security system, which consists of two parts: (a) buffer stock and (b) public distribution system, to ensure that food is accessible to all societal segments. In India, food security is protected in the following ways:

• Food availability includes both locally produced food and government-saved supplies from prior years.
• Food is widely available and reaches all of the nation’s residents.
• Food affordability – Everyone should be able to afford nutritious and safe food.

Q. Which are the people more prone to food insecurity?

Answer – Those who are below the poverty level may always be food insecure, while people who are better off may become so due to catastrophe or calamity. Along with not being able to purchase food, the social makeup also contributes to food insecurity. Food insecurity is more common among SCs, STs, and some OBCs (lower castes among them) who have either poor land-based or very low land production. Those affected by a natural disaster are also likely to be food insecure outside of these areas.

Q. Which states are more food insecure in India?

Answer – The largest food-insecure states in India are the eastern and south-eastern portions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, sections of Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.

Q. Do you believe that green revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains? How?

Answer – India changed its approach to agriculture, bringing in the Green Revolution, particularly for the cultivation of rice and wheat. Since then, India has avoided hunger despite unfavourable weather since a variety of crops have been planted throughout the nation. Even in unfavourable national conditions, the supply of food grains ensured that the government had a proper food security system. As a result, it may be claimed that the green revolution has rendered India food grain self-sufficient.

Q. A section of people in India are still without food. Explain?

Answer – Despite a significant rise in the production of food grains in India, a portion of the population still lacks access to food. People are unable to buy food to nourish themselves and their families as a result of the rising cost of commodities. The persistent hunger that impoverished people experience in rural regions can also be brought on by unemployment.

Q. What happens to the supply of food when there is a disaster or calamity?

Answer – The production and cultivation of food grains are significantly impacted by disasters or calamities. As a result of the decline in production, there is a shortage of food grains, which leads to higher food grain prices. If the disaster lasts for a longer period of time, the impacted area can potentially develop food insecurity.

Q. Differentiate between seasonal hunger and chronic hunger?

Answer – Hunger is a critical indicator of food security and poverty, with two primary forms: seasonal and chronic hunger. Seasonal hunger is linked to unemployment throughout the year, particularly in urban areas with temporary workforces and rural areas with seasonal agricultural activity. Chronic hunger, on the other hand, arises from consistently inadequate diets in terms of both quantity and quality. This type of hunger is common among people in poverty who cannot afford even the basic necessities for survival.

Q. What has our government done to provide food security to the poor? Discuss any two schemes launched by the government?

Answer – The government has implemented several schemes to promote food security and welfare among the poor, including the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Annapurna Scheme (APS). Launched in 2000, the AAY provides 25 kg of food grains to the poorest below-poverty-line families covered under the targeted public distribution system at a highly subsidized rate. The APS, also launched in 2000, aims to provide food to senior citizens who are not covered by the National Old Age Pension Scheme, with eligibility for applicants aged 65 and above.

Q. Why buffer stock is created by the government?

Answer – The government builds up a buffer stock of food grains so that it can be delivered to places with a food shortage and to the poorest classes of society at a price significantly below market value. A buffer stock also aids in addressing the issue of food scarcity after bad weather, catastrophes, or tragedies. Thus, keeping buffer stock is a measure the government takes to guarantee food security.

Q. Write notes on:

(a) Minimum support price – The Food Corporation of India procures surplus wheat and rice from farmers in states with excess production, paying them a pre-determined Minimum Support Price (MSP) for their crops. The government announces the MSP prior to the sowing season each year, and the purchased food grains are then stored in granaries. This process enables the government to support farmers and maintain a steady supply of food grains for distribution, contributing to food security and stability in the market.

(b) Buffer stock – The government purchases food grains, primarily wheat and rice, as buffer stock through the Food Corporation of India. The government uses this buffer stock for the less fortunate members of society or in the event of any catastrophe.

(b) Issue price – To provide food grains to the poorer sections of society and to deficit areas at a price below market rate, food is maintained in stockpiles in the form of buffer stock. The Issue Price is another name for this cost.

(d) Fair price shops – Food grains, sugar, and kerosene for cooking are kept in stock at ration shops, sometimes referred to as Fair Price Shops. People purchase these things from merchants at a discount from the going rate. Every month, a certain number of these things can be purchased from the neighbourhood ration shop by every family with a ration card.

Q. What are the problems of the functioning of ration shops?

Answer – Ration shops, also known as Fair Price Shops, are supposed to provide essential food items such as grains, sugar, and kerosene at a subsidized price to low-income individuals. However, there are several issues with the way these shops operate. Poor people receive food grains of inferior quality, and ration shop dealers engage in fraudulent activities by not providing the entire quantity that people deserve. Additionally, some ration shops do not open regularly, causing inconvenience to the poor. Moreover, the ration shopkeepers update incorrect information in the name of poor individuals, which further exacerbates the problem.

Q. Write a note on the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items.

Answer – In India, particularly in the south and west, cooperatives are essential to guaranteeing food security. In Tamil Nadu, cooperatives run 94% of the fair-price shops, which provide goods at reduced prices to the underprivileged. Mother Dairy and Amul are cooperatives that provide milk and vegetables at restricted rates established by the government. The Maharashtra-based Academy of Development Science (ADS) organises training and capacity-building initiatives on food security for NGOs in addition to establishing grain banks. Cooperatives have a tremendous impact on the cause of food security in India since they actively participate in the distribution of food and related goods.

CBSE Skill Education

The Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 NCERT Solutions offer precise and useful answers. This chapter is crucial because it establishes the framework for upcoming lessons. The detailed explanations and comprehensive coverage of the answers enable pupils to improve their writing abilities. The chapter’s NCERT fundamental ideas will be better understood by students if they practise these solutions.

Poverty as a Challenge Class 9 NCERT Solutions

Q. Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India.

A person is deemed poor if their income or consumption is below a predetermined “minimum level” required to meet essential needs. The poverty line refers to this threshold. The price of physical goods like food, clothing, footwear, fuel, light, education, etc. is multiplied in rupees to determine the poverty line in India. The figures used to calculate the poverty line change from year to year. Also, because work, lifestyle, and cost of living differ between rural and urban places, the poverty level for each is different.

Q. Do you think that the present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate?

The current approach to estimating poverty is inadequate as it only takes into account economic status and focuses on a minimum subsistence level instead of a reasonable standard of living. Poverty is now a more complex issue that extends beyond economic status, with factors such as education, housing, health, job security, and dignity also playing important roles. To address poverty effectively, a more comprehensive approach that considers all of these factors is needed. Therefore, the current methodology for poverty estimation needs to be revised to ensure that all aspects of poverty are taken into account and addressed to completely eradicate poverty from the country.

Q. Describe poverty trends in India since 1973.

Even though the number of poor people in the nation has decreased, the Economic Survey for 2017–18 revealed that this figure is still relatively high. Together, rural and urban areas had a 45% poverty rate in 1993–1994; by 2011–12, that number has dropped to 22%. The number of poor people living in the nation has not significantly decreased, though, and this is still a cause for concern. In both rural and urban areas, there were 404 million impoverished people in 1993–1994; in 2011–12, there were 270 million. The poll makes it quite evident that the relevant authorities must take some substantial action in order to rid India of poverty.

Q. Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.

There are several causes of poverty in India:

• the country’s low levels of economic development and policies discouraging industrialization and handicrafts as a result of British colonial rule.
• Even while it created job opportunities, the Green Revolution did not produce enough of them to meet the demands of an expanding population.
• Poverty is made worse by the unequal distribution of land and resources, especially in rural areas.
• The social and religious obligations of the impoverished frequently place a heavy financial load on them and cause poverty.
• India’s poverty is largely a result of income inequality.

Q. Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.

The following are some of the most vulnerable groups to poverty in India –

• Rural population: People living in rural areas are more vulnerable to poverty due to lack of education, healthcare, and basic services.
• Women and children: Females and children in India are more vulnerable to poverty due to discrimination, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and lack of basic healthcare and nutrition.
• Dalits and Adivasis: These historically disadvantaged communities are vulnerable to poverty due to social and economic exclusion, discrimination, and lack of access to basic amenities, education, and healthcare.
• Urban poor: People living in urban areas who work in low-paying informal jobs are vulnerable to poverty due to lack of job security, social protection, and inadequate access to basic services like water and sanitation.
• Persons with disabilities: People with disabilities are more vulnerable to poverty due to marginalization, discrimination, and lack of access to education, employment, and social services.

Q. Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India.

In India, there are major regional differences in poverty that have persisted for many years. Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand are among the states with greater rates of poverty than Maharashtra, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu. Although the causes of these gaps are complicated, sociopolitical considerations, inadequate infrastructure, unequal economic development, and limited access to healthcare and education all play a part.

Q. Describe global poverty trends.

Poverty levels vary between Indian states, with Orissa, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh having the highest poverty rates and Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh having the lowest. However, globally, poverty has decreased significantly in China and Southeast Asian countries due to economic growth and investment in human resources. In Latin America, poverty levels have remained stable, while in sub-Saharan Africa, poverty has increased from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. Former socialist countries like Russia have also experienced poverty, which was previously nonexistent.

Q. Describe the current government strategy of poverty alleviation.

The Indian government has set the removal of poverty as one of its primary goals, which is being pursued through two main strategies: promoting economic growth and implementing targeted anti-poverty programs. The government has also been raising awareness about the importance of education, which has led to an increase in literacy rates. To achieve its objective, the government has introduced several schemes, including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, and Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana, aimed at eradicating poverty across the country.

Q. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What do you understand by human poverty?

Human poverty refers to the idea that poverty extends beyond a person’s financial situation and affects a variety of other areas, such as inequality, prejudice, and lack of access to healthcare and education. Although ending poverty shouldn’t be the main objective of the government, it must be the goal.

(ii) Who are the poorest of the poor?

The most vulnerable and disadvantaged members of impoverished households are often the elderly, women, and young girls. These individuals experience the most severe hardships and have the least access to essential resources.

(iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?

The National Rural Employment Act 2005 aims to ensure livelihood security in rural areas by providing 100 days of wage employment to every household. It also focuses on promoting sustainable development to tackle issues like drought, deforestation, and soil erosion. Additionally, the Act mandates that one-third of the employment opportunities created under this scheme must be reserved for women.

CBSE Skill Education

People as Resource Class 9 Question Answer – People as Resource comprises answers to the exercises in the Economics textbook. It includes all the necessary study material that can aid students in achieving good marks in the CBSE examinations. The solutions provide a systematic approach to writing answers, which can help Class 9 students develop their writing skills. A thorough comprehension of this chapter can also benefit students in higher classes as it serves as a foundation for related concepts. With the help of these solutions, students can gain a deeper understanding of the topic, which can improve their performance in the exams. Overall, practicing these solutions regularly can help students prepare well for the exam and achieve better results.

People as Resource Class 9 Question Answer

What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

Answer – ‘People as a resource’ refers to the idea of considering a country’s population as an asset rather than a liability. This concept emphasizes investing in individuals’ education and training to enhance their skills and abilities, thereby promoting economic growth and development.

How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical Capital?

Answer – The difference between human resources and other resources like land and physical capital is that humans have the capacity to use other resources to produce useful output, whereas land and physical capital depend on human resources for their utilisation and are unable to produce anything on their own.

What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Answer – Education is a crucial factor in human capital formation due to the following reasons:

1. Education transforms individuals into assets for the economy, rather than liabilities.
2. It enables individuals to make the most of economic opportunities, contributing to increased efficiency and cultural richness.
3. Education enhances productivity in terms of quality and quantity, ultimately boosting national income.
4. It promotes societal awareness and consciousness among educated individuals, leading to positive social outcomes.
5. Education fosters knowledge of health and hygiene, resulting in improved health outcomes for the population.

What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Answer – Health is a critical component of human capital formation, and it plays a crucial role in the following ways:

1. Good health enhances an individual’s immunity, making them more resilient to illnesses.
2. A healthy individual is more likely to achieve better outcomes in various aspects of life.
3. Improved health is directly linked to enhanced productivity and efficiency in work.
4. Therefore, if a country prioritizes better healthcare measures, it can lead to a healthier population, which in turn, can increase human capital and productivity.

What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

Answer – Health plays a critical role in an individual’s working life. Good health leads to increased productivity, engagement, and job satisfaction, while poor health can negatively impact work performance, lead to absenteeism, and increase healthcare costs.

What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors?

Answer – Natural resource-related activities including farming, fishing, forestry, and mining are included in the primary sector.

Manufacturing and construction-related businesses like food processing, textile manufacture, car manufacturing, and building construction are included in the secondary sector.

Services-related industries like transportation, communication, healthcare, education, finance, and retail are included in the tertiary sector.

What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

Answer – Economic activities are those activities that involve the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services for monetary gain or profit. These activities include businesses, trade, agriculture, mining, and other industries that contribute to the economy.

Non-economic activities, on the other hand, are activities that are not undertaken for monetary gain or profit. These activities include personal and social activities such as household chores, volunteering, leisure activities, and cultural or religious practices. They do not contribute to the economy in terms of financial gain but are still valuable for personal well-being and social development.

Why are women employed in low paid work?

Answer – Women often make less money than males, which is a serious issue with the gender wage gap. Lower levels of education, vocational segregation, and duties for household chores and caregiving are a few reasons why this occurs frequently. Women may also be perceived as less talented than males, even while performing the same physical task, and they frequently work in industries that don’t provide generous maternity leave or other benefits. Women frequently work in lower-paying jobs due to a combination of these variables.

How will you explain the term unemployment?

Answer – Unemployment is a term used to describe a situation where a person who is willing and able to work is unable to find a job. It is a measure of the percentage of the labor force that is actively seeking employment but is currently without work. In other words, unemployment refers to the state of being involuntarily unemployed, despite being actively in search of work.

There are several types of unemployment, including cyclical, structural, frictional, and seasonal.

What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Answer –

Seasonal unemployment are issues in rural communities. A person experiences seasonal unemployment when they are unable to find work for a few months out of the year. This primarily affects farmers who are idle for a period of the year during which no crops are cultivated.

When people appear to be employed, they are actually unemployed. It is regarded as a case of disguised unemployment when the number of persons working on agricultural land is more than the number of people who are actually required to labour. If five individuals are working on a plot of land when only three persons are needed, the two extra workers are engaging in disguised unemployment.

Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India?

Answer – In India, educated unemployment is become a typical occurrence. In India, young people with matriculation, graduation, and post-graduate degrees cannot find employment. This is so because the Indian educational system considers everyone who is older than 18 to be able to work. The kids suffer as a result, becoming unskilled and ultimately jobless. It is crucial that a person not only possess a degree but also have the necessary skills to find employment.

In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Answer – The primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector are the three categories into which the employment sector is classified. The majority of people in India depend on agriculture for their livelihood, however there is a significant amount of covert unemployment in this industry. Due to the expansion in the number of industries, the manufacturing sector, a secondary activity, is the one where the majority of the population can find employment.

Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Answer – The following are a few steps that can be implemented in the educational system to address the issue of educated unemployment:

Make secondary education more focused on careers. Not only will this approach assist people in obtaining an education, but it will also help them improve their abilities and find better career possibilities.
A person need to have the freedom to select the subjects based on their aptitudes.
At the school level, new courses and topics of study that could be pursued as careers in the future ought to be introduced. Students will now have the chance to plan their future possibilities at the school level.

Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour, physical capital or human capital? Why?

Answer – Out of all the several types of capital—land, labour, physical, and human—human capital might be regarded as the greatest. This is due to the fact that other resources cannot be used independently; only people are able to use other resources and derive useful results from them.

CBSE Skill Education

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Questions Answers – The Story of Village Palampur offer answers to the exercises presented in the NCERT economics book. These solutions are designed to help Class 9 students hone their ability to write effective responses. The solutions are sourced directly from the NCERT textbooks, making them a valuable resource for school exams.

The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Questions Answers

1. Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

a. LOCATION:
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE:
c. LAND USE (in hectares):

d. FACILITIES:

Answer –

1. LOCATION: Bulandshahr District, Western Uttar Pradesh
2. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
3. LAND USE (in hectares):

d.

2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Answer – It is accurate to say that modern farming techniques often require more inputs that are produced by industries. These inputs, such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural equipment, are necessary for the successful implementation of modern farming methods, which often involve the use of high-yielding seeds and other advanced techniques. In contrast, traditional farming methods may be less reliant on industrial inputs, as they often rely on low-yielding seeds and natural fertilizers like cow dung.

3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Answer – Before electricity, farmers used a traditional method called Persian wheels to pump water from wells and water their small fields. However, after electricity became available, electric tube wells were introduced and replaced the Persian wheels. The government initially installed the first electric tube well, but eventually, individual farmers also bought and set up their own tube wells. This resulted in all 200 hectares of land in the village being able to be used for irrigation by the 1970s.

4. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?

Answer – Increasing the amount of land used for irrigation is crucial because farming is the main livelihood for a large portion of the population in India, and only a small percentage of the land is suitable for cultivation. Due to India’s unreliable monsoon season, farmers often experience significant losses if there is not enough rainfall. By providing more land with irrigation, farmers would be able to increase their crop yields and make more land usable for farming. This would also give farmers the confidence to try new farming techniques without worrying about the risk of financial loss.

5. Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

Answer – In the table that shows the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur:

6. Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

Answer – There are many farm workers in Palampur who do not own their own land and are paid less than the legally mandated minimum wage of Rs 300 per day. This is due to a surplus of workers and a lack of job opportunities, which results in many individuals being willing to accept lower wages.

7. In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

Answer – It is important for students to conduct the activity independently and use the information they gather to formulate their own responses to the question, rather than relying on external sources or assistance.

8. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Answer – farmers in Palampur use a method called multiple cropping where they grow multiple different crops on the same land during one year, this is done to increase the overall production, it is common practice in Palampur. They use this technique by planting crops like jowar, bajra during the rainy season, then planting potatoes in October to December and wheat in the winter season, it is made possible by a good irrigation system in place in Palampur.

9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.

Answer – A small farmer have less then 1 hectare of land for cultivation. Due to the limited size of the land, their crop yields are also low. To improve their yields, these farmers often need to borrow money from moneylenders at high interest rates. This can lead to a cycle of debt, where they may also have to work as a laborer for the moneylender. Once the crops are harvested, they have to be divided between personal consumption and selling in the market. Often, the profits are not enough to cover the debt and the farmer ends up giving most of the money to the moneylender, leaving little for personal use.

10. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?

Answer – large and medium farmers sell the extra farm products they produce and save a portion of the profits for next season. Some of them give loans to small farmers at high interest rate and get the money back next season, this way they can have enough money for the next season. Some farmers might use the savings to buy livestock, vehicles or establish a small business.

11. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?

Answer – Savita had to pay a high-interest rate of 24% to Tejpal Singh for a 4-month loan and also had to work for him as a farm laborer during the harvest season, at the wage of Rs 100 per day. If Savita had taken the loan from a bank, the interest rate would have been lower and she would not have to work for Tejpal Singh during the harvest season and could have focused on her own farm.

12. Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years. 

Answer – It is important for students to conduct the activity independently and use the information they gather to formulate their own responses to the question, rather than relying on external sources or assistance.

13. What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.

Answer – The different types of non-farming related business or activities present in the region are:

• Dairy farming
• Transportation services
• Running small general stores
• Fishing
• Mining

14. What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?

Answer – To promote more non-farm production activities in villages –

1. Loans should be provided to people at more favorable interest rates, which can help them start new non-farming businesses.
2. Adequate markets should be established so that people can sell the goods they produce from their non-farming activities.
3. The government should improve transportation infrastructure between cities and villages, which can help people transport the products they produce and earn more revenue from their non-farming businesses.

CBSE Skill Education

Constitutional Design Class 9 Questions and Answers – This NCERT Solutions study guide is meant to support students as they learn about Constitutional Design in Class 9 Civics, Chapter 2. In a democracy, the government is constrained by a set of fundamental laws and values that are spelled out in the Constitution. This chapter discusses the underlying principles of the Constitution, the roles of leaders in its drafting, and several related subjects.

Constitutional Design Class 9 Questions and Answers

1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.
a. Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
b. Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.
c. A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
d. Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.

Answer –

1. The leaders of the freedom movement in India had a shared belief that after independence, the country should be a democratic nation.
2. The members of the constituent assembly, who were responsible for drafting the Constitution of India, also held similar views on the fundamental principles that should guide the nation.
3. It is necessary for a democratic country to have a Constitution, which serves as a set of guiding principles and rules for the government and its citizens.
4. This document can be amended over time to meet the changing needs and desires of the people.

2. Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?
a. Between South Africa and its neighbours
b. Between men and women
c. Between the white majority and the black minority
d. Between the coloured minority and the black majority

3. Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?
a. Powers of the head of the state
b. Name of the head of the state
c. Powers of the legislature
d. Name of the country

4. Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:

Answer –

5. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following:
a. Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?
b. What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?
c. “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?

Answer –

a. In his speech “Tryst with Destiny,” Jawaharlal Nehru acknowledged that the task of nation-building would be difficult and could not be accomplished quickly. He therefore believed that it should be approached gradually.
b. Nehru encouraged those responsible for creating the Indian Constitution to commit themselves to serving India and its people, as well as to the greater cause of humanity.
c. Nehru was referring to Mahatma Gandhi, who is considered the father of the nation.

6. Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.

Answer –

7. A friend from Nepal has written you a letter describing the political exercises situation there. Many political parties are opposing the rule of the king. Some of them say that the existing constitution given by the monarch can be amended to allow more powers to elected representatives. Others are demanding a new Constituent Assembly to write a republican constitution. Reply to your friend giving your opinions on the subject.

Answer –

Dear Friend,

Thank you for writing to me about the political situation in Nepal. It sounds like there is a lot of disagreement among political parties about the role of the king and the nature of the country’s constitution.

I believe that it is important for all voices to be heard in any political process, and that includes those who are advocating for greater powers for elected representatives as well as those who support the formation of a new Constituent Assembly to draft a republican constitution. It is crucial that any changes to the existing constitutional framework are made in a transparent and democratic manner, and that they reflect the will of the people.

I understand that these are complex and sensitive issues, and that finding a solution that satisfies everyone may be difficult. However, I believe that it is worth striving for a solution that is fair and just for all citizens of Nepal.

I hope that these thoughts are helpful, and that the political situation in Nepal can be resolved peacefully and in a way that benefits the entire nation.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

8. Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?
a. Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under British rule.
b. Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.
c. We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.

Answer –

a. During the struggle for independence from British rule, the value of democracy was embraced as a fundamental principle for the nation. The Indian Councils Act allowed for Indian participation in legislative councils, laying the foundation for democratic institutions in independent India.
b. The freedom struggle opposed colonial exploitation and advocated for the creation of laws through consensus, rather than imposing them on others.
c. The struggle for independence in India was characterized by non-violent tactics such as satyagraha and ahimsa, which were used to peacefully resist British rule and secure the freedom and rights of Indians.

9. Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of the father, husband, and son – all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?

Answer – Our Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, regardless of their gender, caste, sexual orientation, place of birth, or religion. In addition, various laws have been enacted to ensure that women are afforded equal rights and protections under the law.

10. Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.
a. The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.
b. Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.
c. Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.
d. A constitution is about institutions, not about values.

Answer –

a. True, the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and sets forth the roles, powers, and responsibilities of the different branches of government.
b. True, the Constitution establishes the fundamental rights of all citizens of India.
c. True, the Constitution holds certain values, such as justice, liberty, fraternity, and equality, upon which all institutions in the country are based. These values are outlined in the preamble to the Constitution.
d. False, the Constitution does not just hold values, it also lays out the rules and procedures for the functioning of the government and the protection of individual rights.

CBSE Skill Education

Working of Institutions Class 9 NCERT Solutions – NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics Chapter 4 teach students about how institutions function in a democracy. Rulers must adhere to specific rules and procedures while working within these institutions. The exercise contains questions related to this topic, and the solutions are presented in concise and easy-to-understand language. Reviewing these answers will also help you revisit the chapter’s themes.

Working of Institutions Class 9 NCERT Solutions

1. If you are elected as the President of India, which of the following decision can you take on your own?

a. Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
b. Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
c. Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both Houses.
d. Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.

2. Who among the following is a part of the political executive?

a. District Collector
b. Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
c. Home Minister
d. Director-General of Police

3. Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?

a. Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court
b. Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
c. Judiciary is independent of the Executive
d. Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated

4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?

a. The Supreme Court
b. The President
c. The Prime Minister
d. The Parliament

5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

Answer –

6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.

a. Decision on the allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens
b. Considers the recommendation of the committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange
c. Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments
d. Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake

Answer –

1. Lok Sabha – The allocation of funds for infrastructure and welfare activities is a decision made by the Lok Sabha based on the needs of the community and the availability of funds.
2. Parliament – The recommendation of a committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange is considered by the Parliament before deciding whether to implement the law.
3. Supreme Court – A legal dispute between two state governments is decided by a Supreme Court based on legal arguments and evidence presented by each side.
4. Executive – The implementation of a decision to provide relief for earthquake victims is carried out by a Executive, with the specific details of the relief efforts determined based on the needs of the community and available resources.

7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.

Answer –

a. In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
b. Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
c. Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, there is no need for it.
d. Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on the election.

8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?

Answer –

It is not possible for a person to serve as Chief Minister for only one day, as the role of Chief Minister involves leading the government and making important decisions that impact the state. A Chief Minister must have a team of advisors and officials to assist in the administration of the state, and it would be impractical for a person to try to carry out these duties for only one day.

9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?

Answer –

Students should be free to decide which exams they want to take based on their own interests and goals. However, it may be advisable for them to consider taking exams for both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, as this could provide them with more opportunities and options in the future. It is worth noting that the Lok Sabha is often considered to be the more powerful of the two houses, as the members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people and the party that holds the majority in the Lok Sabha typically selects the Prime Minister. Therefore, having a majority in the Lok Sabha can be a significant advantage for a political party.

10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions to the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of the judiciary?

Answer –

a. Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
b. Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
c. Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.

CBSE Skill Education