File Handling in Python Class 12 NCERT Solutions

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File Handling in Python is one of the most important chapters in Class 12 Computer Science. It helps students understand how to work with files for reading, writing, and appending data using Python.

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File Handling in Python Class 12 NCERT Solutions

1. Differentiate between:

a) text file and binary file

Answer – Data can be stored in two different types of files: “text files and “binary files”. Text files store the data in a human-readable format like ASCII or Unicode. Binary files store data in a machine-readable format containing non-human-readable characters; a special program is used to read this type of file.

b) readline() and readlines()

Answer – The readline() function reads only one line at a time, whereas readlines() reads all lines from a file and returns them as a list.

c) write() and writelines()

Answer – The write() function is used to write a single string to a file. whereas the writelines() function is used to write multiple strings to a file using an iterable, e.g., a list or tuple.

2. Write the use and syntax for the following methods:

a) open()

file_object = open(file_name, mode)

b) read()

file_object.read(size)

c) seek()

file_object.seek(offset, from_what)

d) dump()

import pickle
pickle.dump(data_object, file_object)

3. Write the file mode that will be used for opening the following files. Also, write the Python statements to open the following files:

  • A text file “example.txt” in both read and write mode
  • A binary file “bfile.dat” in write mode
  • A text file “try.txt” in append and read mode
  • A binary file “btry.dat” in read only mode.

Answer –

A text file “example.txt” in both read and write mode

file = open("example.txt", "r+")

A binary file “bfile.dat” in write mode

file = open("bfile.dat", "wb")

A text file “try.txt” in append and read mode

file = open("try.txt", "a+")

A binary file “btry.dat” in read only mode.

file = open("btry.dat", "rb")

4. Why is it advised to close a file after we are done with the read and write operations? What will happen if we do not close it? Will some error message be flashed?

Answer – As Python ensures that any unwritten or unsaved data is flushed off (written to the file) before the file is closed, the main reason to close a file after read and write operations is to prevent the application from slowing down. So, once we’re done with it, it’s always a good idea to close the file.

5. What is the difference between the following set of statements (a) and (b):

a) P = open(“practice.txt”,”r”) 
P.read(10)

b) with open(“practice.txt”, “r”) as P:
x = P.read()

Answer – File P will read 10 characters in part “a” but won’t print anything; in part “b,” however, it will read every character in the practise file and save it in the variable “x.”

6. Write a command(s) to write the following lines to the text file named hello.txt. Assume that the file is opened in append mode.
“ Welcome my class”
“It is a fun place”
“You will learn and play”

Answer –

f = open("hello.txt", "a")
f.write("Welcome my class\n") 
f.write("It is a fun place\n")
f.write("You will learn and play\n")
f.close()

7. Write a Python program to open the file hello.txt used in question no 6 in read mode to display its contents. What will be the difference if the file was opened in write mode instead of append mode?

Answer –

f = open("hello.txt", "r")
x = f.read()
print(x)
f.close()

8. Write a program to accept string/sentences from the user till the user enters “END” to. Save the data in a text file and then display only those sentences which begin with an uppercase alphabet.

Answer – 

f = open("example.txt","w")
while True:
    sen = input("Enter something ( Enter END for quit ) :- ")
    if sen == "END":
        break
    else:
        f.write(sen + "\n")

f.close()

print("\nLines started with Capital letters:-\n")
f = open("example.txt", "r")
data = f.readlines()

for i in data:
    if i.strip() and i[0].isupper():
        print(i.strip())

f.close()

9. Define pickling in Python. Explain serialization and deserialization of Python object.

Answer – When serialising and deserializing a Python object structure, pickle is primarily employed. It involves transforming a Python object into a byte stream in order to store it in a file or database, keep programme state consistent across sessions, or send data over the network.

10. Write a program to enter the following records in a binary file:

  • Item No integer
  • Item_Name string
  • Qty integer
  • Price float
  • Number of records to be entered should be accepted from the user. Read the file to display the records in the following format:
  • Item No:
  • Item Name :
  • Quantity:
  • Price per item:
  • Amount: ( to be calculated as Price * Qty

Answer –

import pickle

file = open("Pathwalla.dat", "wb")

num_records = int(input("Enter number of records to be entered: "))

for _ in range(num_records):
    dic = {}
    Item_No = int(input("Enter Item no.: "))
    Item_Name = input("Enter Item name: ")
    Qty = int(input("Enter Quantity: "))
    Price = float(input("Enter price: "))

    dic["Item_No"] = Item_No
    dic["Item_Name"] = Item_Name
    dic["Qty"] = Qty
    dic["Price"] = Price

    pickle.dump(dic, file)
    print()

file.close()

print("\nDisplaying records:\n")
file = open("Pathwalla.dat", "rb")

try:
    while True:
        dic = pickle.load(file)
        print(f"Item No.:      {dic['Item_No']}")
        print(f"Item Name:     {dic['Item_Name']}")
        print(f"Quantity:      {dic['Qty']}")
        print(f"Price per item: {dic['Price']}")
        print(f"Amount:        {dic['Qty'] * dic['Price']}")
        print()
except EOFError: 
    file.close()

Computer Science Class 12 Questions and Answers

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