Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries globally and plays a significant role in economic development and cultural exchange.
Introduction to Tourism Class 10 Unit 2 Notes
Introduction
According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the world’s income and employs almost one tenth of the world’s workforce. Many people emphasize the positive aspects of tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way to balance foreign trade, an “industry without chimney”- in short, manna from heaven. The slogan ‘Athithi Devo Bhava’ which means ‘guests are like God’ truly represents the fact that Indians have been highly hospitable people and this trend is still present in modern India. Several tourist spots in India do well throughout the year and in special seasons they perform exceptionally well in tourism as the foreign and domestic tourists throng the places for sightseeing or holiday trips.
What is Tourism?
Tourism refers to that activity which is conducted for a short period of time, more than 24 hours and less than 1 year, for a non-remunerative purpose. Based on the UNWTO definition on tourism, tourism could be categorized as:
- Domestic Tourism: Domestic tourism involves trips made by local residents within their own countries.
- International Tourism: International Tourism involves trips between 2 countries. To a certain country, a visit by residents of that country to another country is an outbound tourism; a visit to that country by residents of another country is an inbound tourism.
Why Tourism?
India become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. Modern tourism is closely linked to development and encompasses growing number of new destinations. These dynamics have turned tourism into a key driver for socio- economic progress. Today, the business volume of tourism equals or even surpasses that of oil exports, food products or automobiles.
General Impacts of Tourism?
Generating Income and Employment: India contributes 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment. Almost 20 million people are now working in the India’s tourism industry.
- Source of Foreign Exchange Earnings: Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings in India. Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings in India.
- Preservation of National Heritage and Environment: Tourism helps preserve several places which are of historical importance by declaring them as heritage sites.
- Developing Infrastructure: Tourism tends to encourage the development of multiple-use infrastructure that benefits the host community, including various means of transports, health care facilities, and sports centres, in addition to the hotels and high-end restaurants that cater to foreign visitors.
- Promoting Peace and Stability: Honey and Gilpin (2009) suggests that the tourism industry can also help promote peace and stability in developing country like India by providing jobs, generating income, diversifying the economy, protecting the environment and promoting cross-cultural awareness.
Typology of Tourism Impacts
The impacts of tourism can be sorted into six general categories:
- Economic
- Environmental
- Social and Cultural
- Services
- Taxes
- Community Attitude
1. Economic Impact
Tourism increases employment opportunities. tourism encourages improvements in transport infrastructure resulting in upgraded roads, airports, public transportation and non-traditional transportation (e.g., trails).
2. Environmental Impact
Areas with high-value natural resources like oceans, lakes, waterfalls, mountains, unique flora and fauna and great scenic beauty attract tourists and new residents (in-migrants) who seek emotional and spiritual connections with nature. Because these people value nature.
3. Social and Cultural Impact
Tourism can improve the quality of life in an area by increasing the number of attractions, recreational opportunities and services. Tourism offers resident’s opportunities to meet interesting people, make friendships, learn about the world, and expose themselves to new perspectives.
4. Services
Tourist expectations can upgrade service by local shops, restaurants and other commerce operators. Tourist traffic in a community creates an opportunity for upgraded fire, police, and medical protection that also benefits residents.
5. Taxes
Increased retail activity from restaurants and tourist shopping will add state and local sales tax revenue. Lodging tax revenue to the city (or state) should increase since travellers account for virtually all lodging tax.
6. Community Attitude
Tourism activities and events tend to make living in a place more interesting and exciting. However, heightened tension and community divisiveness can occur over tourism development, pitting tourism supporters against non-supporters.
Sources of Tourism Information
Accurate and up-to-date tourism information is important for travel and tourism industry like information of destination, traivel guide, how to reach tourist place ect. This information can be distributed within the travel and tourism industry in many ways. Key sources of destination information are listed below:
Industry people
- Sales representatives regularly vist travel agents to share new tourism product and destination information.
- Seminars and workshops helps the workers to understand about the new destination.
- Educational Visits and Site Inspections helps to gain experience of the location.
- Talking with customers gives you useful travel insights.
Printed Materials and Media
- Government give out maps, videos and travel guides.
- Magazines and Journals helps to share the information of destination and travel related news.
- TV show and newspapers show the current events and travel programs.
- Tour brouchures offers lots of travel details.
Helpful Publication
- Maps show the location of the place and how far they are.
- Guidebooks and manuals helps to plan travel and understand rules.
- Travel stories and pictures give a personal view of destinations.
Other Sources
- Travel expos let staff explore new destinations and services.
- Studying tourism builds deeper kenowledge
- Website, email, and messages keep everyone updated with the latest information.
Tourism Organisation
Tourism organisations are the institutions that work to support and grow the tourism industry. One example of Ministry of Tourism in India are:
Ministry of Tourism: It is a main government organization for planning and promoting tourism in India. It coordinates with central and state governemnts, private sector and other tourism bodies. The Union Misnistry of State for Tourism Secretary also serves as the Dierctor General of Tourism. There are 20 offices in India provide tourist services and manage local tourism projects. 14 office are in abroad promote Indian tourism internationally. Some of the special project like Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering (IISM) in Gulmarg runs skiing and adventre training programs in Jammu and Kashmir.
Main Roles of the Ministry: The role of the Ministry is to help the state government and private companies to develop tourism places. Encourage for investment in tourism and support tourism marketing and promotion. The functions of the Minsitry in this regard mainly cosist of the following:
- All Policy Matters, including
- Development Policies
- Incentives
- External Assistance
- Manpower Development
- Promotion & Marketing
- Investment Facilitation
- Planning
- Co-ordination with other Ministries, Departments, State/UT Governments
- Regulation
- Standards
- Guidelines
- Infrastructure & Product Development
- Guidelines
- Human Resource Development
- Institutions
- Setting Standards and Guidelines
- Publicity & Marketing
- Policy
- Strategies
- Co-ordination
- Research, Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation
- International Co-operation and External Assistance
- International Bodies
- Bilateral Agreements
- External Assistance
- Foreign Technical Collaboration
- Legislation and Parliamentary Work
- Establishment matters
- Vigilance matters
- Implementation of official language policy
- Budget co-ordination and related matters
- Plan-coordination and monitoring
STDC
In India, almost every state in India has its own STDC to promote and grow tourism within the region.
- Vision of STDC: To become one of the finest and leading service providers in the Hospitality Sector.
- Mission of STDC: To expand quality tourism infrastructure in the State and outside, in order to provide world class facilites to the tourists.
Objectives of STDC
In general the main objectives of the STDC are to:
- Establish, develop, promote, execute, operate and otherwise carry on projects, schemes and other activities including running and maintenance of tourist vehicles to facilitate or accelerate the development of tourism.
- Construct, run and maintain Tourist Information Bureaux and Centres in and ouside the State within the Country.
- Publish and sell different types of material for the purpose of giving publicity to tourism.
- Construct, lease out, take on lease, run and maintain tourist bungalows, tourist inns, youth hostels, hotels and cafeterias.
Role of STDC in Promotion of Tourism
- A pioneer: To initiate the tourism development process.
- Dispersal of tourism: expansion.
- Prime mover often without advantage: social mandate.
- Generate Employment.
- Contribution to State revenue.
- Facilitated travel of tourists.
- Ensuring safe secure stay.
- Official host of the Government.
UNWTO
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
- Responsible: Beneficial and respectful to communities and environments.
- Sustainable: Long-lasting without harming future generations.
- Accessible: Open to everyone.
Promote tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusion and environmental care. Encourage ethical tourism though the Global Code of Ethics and support the UN Millennium Development Goals like reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development. UNWTO also support tourism education and training programs. UNWTO support project in +100 countries to help tourism. UNWTO members are in 156 countries, 6 territories, and 400+ affiliate members (private sector, schools, tourism groups). The Headquarters is in Madrid, Spain.
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