The Role of Physical Education in Child Development Class 9 Notes provides a detailed understanding of how physical activities contribute to the overall growth and development of children. These notes cover the physical, mental, emotional, and social benefits of regular physical education.
Role of Physical Education in Child Development Class 9 Notes
Role of Physical Education in the Development of a Child
In recent years, physical education has become very popular and has evolved beyond the traditional sports. Educators are now introducing students to diverse options such as walking, hiking, yoga, deep breathing, martial arts, etc. Physical education helps to build strong muscles and healthy hearts, feel happier and less stressed, focus better in class, and stay healthy as they grow up. Research has shown that there is a positive correlation between brain development and exercising. Some people think physical education is not only about playing games; it is much more than sports, like how to stay healthy, skills to play and move safely, and good habits for life.
Physical and emotional needs of children
Physical activity is critical to the development and maintenance of good health. Research shows that regular physical activity can help reduce your risk for several diseases and health conditions and improve your overall quality of life. Exercise reduces stress, lifts moods, and helps us sleep better.
Physical activity helps in the following:
- Developing and maintaining good health.
- Taking preventive measures against disease.
- Improving mental and physiological strength and physical fitness.
- Improving mental concentration.
- Building self-esteem.
Domains for Early Childhood Development
Physical education can be categorised into three domains, namely cognitive (relates to knowledge and understanding), psychomotor (relates to action or motor skill), and affective (relates to attitudes, values, and self-concepts).
1. Emotional Domain
This emotional domain, also known as the cognitive domain, includes knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, which are responsible for the development of intellectual ability and skill. When intellectual abilities improve, then automatically the child has the ability of concentration, thinking, observation, decision-making, and strategy design.
2. Physical Domain
This physical domain, also known as the psychomotor domain, concerns the development and improvement of motor skills. Psychomotor learning is the heart of physical educational experience and results in the achievement of general motor ability as well as selective skills in various activities.
Fine and Gross Motor Development
In early years, the most important aspect of development in children is motor development, which is the development of motor abilities, or the ‘movement’ abilities. There are two types of motor abilities: fine and gross motor developments.
- Fine Motor: These are the motor abilities required while performing activities with high precision or control, e.g., holding a pencil with fingers, catching a ball with one hand, etc.
- Gross Motor: These are the motor abilities required while performing activities that require large muscles or groups of muscles working together, e.g., running, jumping, etc.
3. Social Domain
This domain, also known as the affective domain, is primarily concerned with helping individuals to clarify and think through their values, interests, appreciations, attitudes, and judgements. It helps in developing proper and positive attitudes and appreciations towards physical education and physical activity.
Some of the social abilities are:
- Confidence
- Responsibility
- Resolution
- Respect
- Trust
- Sincerity
- Empathy
- Communication
Components of physical fitness
- Physical fitness is the ability of an individual to perform day-to-day activities without undue fatigue.
- Physical fitness is roughly divided into two – health-related physical fitness and skill-related physical fitness.
- Physical fitness is an ability that differs from person to person and can also be highly trainable.
- There are 8 components of physical fitness—muscular strength, explosive strength, muscular endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, and body composition.
Factors influencing physical activities
Several internal and external factors influence physical activity. Here are the key ones:
- Age: Age plays an important role in physical fitness because our body changes as we grow older. In childhood muscles, bones, and the nervous system develop quickly, which helps to improve strength, coordination, and flexibility.
- Body composition: Body composition refers to the percentage of body weight that is composed of fat as compared with fat-free or lean tissue (muscles). People have different body shapes, which are grouped into three types:
- Endomorph: A round and soft body that gains fat easily.
- Mesomorph: A strong and muscular body, good at building muscle.
- Ectomorph: A thin and lean body that finds it hard to gain weight or muscle.
- Nutrition: Nutrition plays an important role in physical fitness. It is about the energy you get from food and what energy you use in exercise. Eating the right amount and type of food helps your body perform well and stay healthy. Water is also very important in your diet.
- Climatic conditions: Different climatic conditions affect the fitness level of an individual in many ways. Different climatic conditions require different training requirements to develop and maintain physical fitness.
- Lifestyle habits: These play a very important role in the fitness and well-being of a person.
- Physical Activity: Physical activity is critical for overall health at every age. Any form of exercise or movement of our body that uses energy is described as a physical activity.
Plan Physical Activities
Planning can be defined as “thinking in advance about what is to be done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done, and by whom it should be done.” Planning involves setting objectives and deciding in advance the appropriate course of action to achieve these.
Objectives. There are mostly two types of plan:
- Long-Term Plan – Macro Plan
- Short-Term Plan – Micro Plan
Importance of Planning
Planning provides direction: Planning helps everyone know what to do and how to do it.
- Planning reduces the risk of uncertainties: planning helps to face the uncertainty. The plans are made to overcome such uncertainties.
- Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities: Good planning makes sure all departments work together smoothly. It prevents overlapping tasks and saves time and resources.
- Planning promotes innovative ideas: The process of planning requires people to sit together, brainstorm, reflect, discuss, debate, and agree.
- Planning facilitates decision-making: Planning helps you to take various decisions, as goals are set in advance and predictions are made for the future. These predictions and goals help you to make fast decisions.
- Focuses attention on objectives of the organisation: As a physical education teacher, planning is vital to your job in school.
- Planning should start for the whole year and then come down to semesters, months, weeks, and days. Long-term planning is very important to set the right targets and expectations and measure success against such targets.
Elements of a good plan are the following:
- Aims/Goals/Objectives of the School for Physical Education and Sports
- Management and Communication Structure.
- Infrastructure and Resources.
- Scheduling
- Intermediate Milestones/Dependencies
- Tracking of the Plan
Conduct Physical Activities
Playgrounds or play spaces are an integral part of the play experience. All play spaces are to be designated, marked, and allocated as per the requirement of the activity or sport. There are mostly two types of allocation and markings done for play activities:
- Temporary play space
- Permanent play space
For example, a temporary play space can easily be created with the help of mobile marking props and equipment. Some of them include
- Marking cones
- Saucer cones
- Flexi-poles
- Flags
- Poly spot
- Rubber tape
- Flat rings
The following tools and equipment are mostly used to mark a permanent play space/sports field:
- Nails or pegs
- Rope (100 meters)—It is advised to use iron ropes because they are not stretchable; if iron ropes are not available, markers may use plastic ropes.
- Hammer to fix the pegs
- Measuring tape
- Chalk powder—it is an essential supply to mark a sports field.
Arranging Props and Equipment for Play
Props are the tools/learning aids that we use in physical activity to
- Mark play spaces
- To learn and practice skills
- To improve fitness
Equipment is all the material associated with the sport that is needed to play a sport. Other than the above primary usage of props, they are also useful in
- Making any physical activity colourful and attractive
- Helping create a variety of drills for practicing skills
- Helping create age-appropriate challenges
- Increasing the interest and the engagement of the children
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