Information Technology Class 10

The CBSE has changed the previous textbook and the syllabus of Std. X. The new Maintain Healthy Safe and Secure Working Environment Class 10 Notes are made based on the new syllabus and based on the New NCERT textbook. These notes are made in collaboration with many expert teachers. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

Maintain Healthy Safe and Secure Working Environment Class 10 Notes

Chapter 13 – Health, Safety and Security at Workplace

All incidents like illnesses, accidents, or disputes at work place come at a cost to the company and to the injured persons’ families. Every Organization and company workers are responsible for creating a safe environment, which helps to improve productivity of the company. 

Health

Health of an employee is most important in the workplace and every organization must provide a healthy and safe working environment for their employees. Safe environment provides employees physical, mental and social well being. 

Organization should maintain following healthy rules in workplace –

• Cleanliness at the workplace
• A proper air conditioning system
• A proper filtered water facility must be available for the employees
• A fresh food cafeteria and good quality food for the employees
• Clean washroom facility should be given to employee

Safety

The work environment of the organization must be safe and it must be free from hazards and risk. 

Organization should maintain following Safety rules in workplace –

• A proper safety guidelines be prepared by the organization
• Regular drills should be conducted
• Smoke alarms must be placed
• Safety equipment maintenance must be taken care regularly
• Fire escape plans must be installed

Security

Every employee should feel that they are secured in the company campus. Security helps to ensure the safety of the people in the workplace. 

Organization should maintain following Security checkup in workplace –

• Employee safety
• Computer system safety
• Electrical safety
• Transport safety
• Equipment safety

Policies and Procedures for Health, Safety and Security

The Department of Information Technology (DoIT) has provided some policy regarding employees’ healthy and safe work environment in the workplace. 

Definition

An employer’s written declaration of the company’s commitment to protecting the public and employees health, safety and security is known as a health, safety and security policy. It represents a management-endorsed pledge to protect the security, safety, and well-being of its staff.

The reasons for Workplace Health, Safety, and Security programs and policies

There are several reasons to specific safety policy in workplace –

• It indicates that the company is committed to the health and safety of its employees.
• It indicate that company is not only making the profits but it take care of the employee also
• It shows the performance of the business
• Company following national policy on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
• Injuries and illness of the employee is prevented 

Workplace Safety Hazards

The most common definition of hazard is a danger or risk. Workplace Hazards are the things that could potentially hurt or damage someone or something in a workplace.

There are different types of hazards present in the workplace –

• Physical Hazards – It is the dangers associated with the physical workspace, including the walls, ceilings, floors, and facilities. Physical risks may also arise from using machinery and devices that run on electricity. 
• Falling Off Heights, Slipping and Tripping – Everything needs to be placed correctly to prevent slips and falls. To prevent accidents, dropped food, drink or other materials like paints need to be cleaned up right away. Ensure that sufficient lighting is provided and that any broken stairs, light fixtures, or equipment is fixed immediately. 
• Electrical Hazards – In the workplace there are many life threatening, severe and injuries that could result due to Electrical Hazards. Every company has to  provide basic knowledge to the employees, how to use electrical equipment in the workplace. 

 Some of the common causes of electrical accidents are –

1. Ungrounded or faulty equipment 
2. Unsafe use of electrical equipment
3. Worn-out wiring
4. Overloading of electrical outlets

Every employee must know how to use electrical equipment and how to make the workplace safe. Some of the common instruction which company and employee have to follow in workplace are –

1. Food and water should not be near electrical equipment.
2. Electrical technician should carry out routine inspections
3. Technician have to check overrated or overloaded outlets
4. Never use damage equipment
5. Electrical safety devices

Fire Hazards

To maintain fire safety, every organization needs to adhere to the housekeeping regulations. Those who violate these regulations may cause accidents which damage the vital workplace equipment, building, stock and other items. 

Some of the fire safety precautions in workplace are –

1. Emergency mitigation system in workplace
2. Employees should be aware above emergency exits
3. Fire escape routes should be pasted
4. Fire extinguishers and alarms should be placed in the workplace. 

Health Hazards

Health refers to the physical well-being of the workers, Hazards are present in most workplaces that could impact any body parts of employees. For example, machine noise can damage the sense of hearing of the worker, bright lights and toxic fumes and vapor could damage the eyes and nose.  

Potential sources of risks within a company –

Bright light sources behind the display screen can cause contrast issues, which can make it challenging to see your work effectively. Use the following potential fixes to stay away from this.

1. Use drapes on windows to reduce bright light.
2. Use indirect of shielded light 
3. Turn the workstation so that the computer screen and the bright lighting coming from the open windows are at a right angle.
4. Reduce the sharp contrast between the computer screen’s dark and light areas.

Hazards using Computers 

The computer is an important tool in many organizations, long periods of using a computer in the workplace can develop an injury. Poor sitting posture or sitting in one position for a long duration can result in pain and strain. If the computer screens you are using for a long time can harm your eyes. Regular stretches, short breaks every 30 minutes, every 20 minutes look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds, or basic yoga positions can help to reduce these types of risks.

Handling Office Equipment

Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. Employee should be trained to handle equipment properly. Every organization should provide a manual to every employee,  how to handle equipment. 

Handling Objects

• Moving or lifting large objects without following the right protocols could be dangerous.
• Always lift or move objects with the right posture and according to proper technique.

Stress at Work 

There are a number of stress-inducing situations that can arise in organizations. Extensive work hours and unpleasant disputes or disagreements with coworkers may be stressful. Always search for solutions to resolve disputes among coworkers. Take up some relaxing activities to reduce tension after difficult workdays.

Hazard Control

Appropriate precautions must be implemented for hazards that have been identified and considered priorities. 

1. Take all feasible measures to eliminate the hazard
2. If removing the risk is not possible or cannot be completed, isolate it as much as possible.
3. If a hazard cannot be eliminated or isolated, then at least its potential to cause harm should be reduced. 

Safety Guidelines Checklist

1. Store all cleaning chemicals in separate cupboards.
2. Throw garbage daily
3. Do not wear any loose cloth or jewelry when working with machine
4. Do’t disturbed the people who are working near a fire or near machine.
5. Wear protective items such as safety glasses, gloves, masks and hair nets.
6. Shut down all machines before leaving the workplace
7. Do not play with electrical switches
8. Do not operate machines, if you are not trained
9. Before using electrical equipment, repair the broken wires or plugs.
10. Do not use equipment if you feel unsafe.
11. Do not smoke in a “No Smoking” zone.

Chapter 14: Workplace Quality Measures

A pollution free air and water is an most important requirement of any organization. Most of the IT companies use centralized air conditioning systems to keep the temperature pleasant in the workplace. Water pollution is also one of the problems faced by many organizations. The polluted water may cause the disease. So organizations have to take care of air pollution and water pollution.

Air and Water Quality Monitoring process

Air and water pollution can be analyzed by using three forms of methods – Physical, chemical and biological.

Guidelines for Clean Air and Clean Water

A proper guidelines must be followed by organizations to keep the air and water clean. Some of the guidelines are –

• Organizations have to avoid dust production, generation of solid particles and gasses in the air.
• Organizations must use a limited number of vehicles to avoid air pollution.
• Organizations have to take care of air pollution, the generation of ozone gas must be kept at a low level by the organization.
• Organizations have to take care of sewage or the wastewater and make sure that this water is not mixed with the surrounding water.
• Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticide must be avoided as it can make the ground water polluted.

Importance of Cleanliness at Workplace

Clean workplace avoid hazardous. Clean workplace makes your job easier and more pleasant. Every person have to follow following cleanliness guideline at workplace –

• Employees are responsible for the cleanliness of their work area.
• Spills and breakage are to be cleaned up immediately.
• Spaces around the machine should be kept clean and clear.
• Floor should be kept clean to prevent slipping and collision.
• Lighting fixtures are to be checked regularly for a clean vision.

Office Ergonomics

Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging things, ergonomics helps to reduce accidents, injury and helps to improve the performance and productivity of an organization.

The following office ergonomics emphasize the identification of early warning signs.

Computer Health and Safety Tips

In every organization the use of computers is increasing, there are several health and safety issues related to vision, musculoskeletal issues, body aches and pains may occur due to improper use of computers. These problems can be resolved by adopting some simple corrective action.

Musculoskeletal Problems

This problem includes different areas of your body such as neck, back, chests, arms, shoulders and feet because of wrong posture, uncomfortable chair or not following basic rules while working on the computer.

To avoid this problem follow the following guideline –

• Position of the monitor should be at your eye level.
• Keep your monitor at least arm length distance or 20 to 30 inches away from you.
• Keep your back against the backrest of the chair.
• Adjust height of armrests so that your elbows are at a 100-110 degrees open angle.
• Place the keyboard at a slight negative tilt if you are sitting upright.  
• While typing keep your hands slightly lower than elbows.
• Minimize any twisting of your wrists from side to side or up and down.
• Use a keyboard palm rest as needed only when you are not typing.
• Always take small breaks while working on the computer.

Occupational Overuse Syndrome

Occupational overuse syndrome is a type of injury in fingers, shoulder, neck, wrists, hands or elbows it is also known as repetitive strain injury or RSI. In this syndrome the pain, swelling and weakness in the affected joints. 

The most common reason of affecting Occupational Overuse Syndrome –

1. Stress in the working place
2. Wrong posture when sitting
3. Forceful body movement
4. Psycho social factors

Strain in Legs and Feet

If you are working on a computer for a long period then it may cause strain in your leg. Always feet should be supported on the floor or by footrest and try to stretch your legs after 30 minutes.

Eye Strain

Computer bright light, poor light or flickering images can cause eye strain. It is important to look after your eye health and try to wear anti glare glasses when you are working on the computer.

To reduce the possibility of vision problem –

• Adjust the brightness of computer screen
• Keep a proper vision distance from computer screen
• Blink your eyes in an every interval
• Wear anti glare glasses whenever you are working in computer
• Give your eyes periodic breaks from the screen
• Keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face.

Headaches

Headache may occur due to muscle tension in neck, muscle pain in neck, Strain on the eyes or vision problem. Try to maintain a straight neck while working on the computer..

Obesity

Spending a long time on the computer may lead to a lack of physical activity and exercise.  Before returning to work, you need to take a break.

Stress Disorders

Technology can impact our behaviors and emotions, excess use of computers may create poor health and increase pressure in your workplace. Try to do yoga, medications or natural remedies to reduce the stress. 

Injuries from Laptop Use

The laptop is designed for short term use, nowadays people are using laptops over desktops more frequently but the laptop designs are very compact. In a laptop the screen and keyboard close together which makes ergonomic use difficult which makes discomfort for work, using an ergonomic desktop is advisable. 

Sleeping Problems

Artificial lights of computer screens can trick your brain and due to this your sleeping patterns, to avoid this don’t use a computer before going to bed. 

Health and Safety Requirements for Computer Workplace

The minimum health and safety requirements for computer are as follow –

• Display Screen (Monitor) – Use LED monitor of legible size with adequate character and proper line  spacing.
• Keyboard – There should be proper space in front of the keyboard to support your hands and arms. The symbols, characters and numbers should be clear and easy to read.
• Work Surface – The work desk should be large, non reflective and allow flexible placement of the screen and keyboard.
• Work Chair – The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily and find a comfortable position.
• Space Requirements – The user should have enough desk space for the equipment they use.
• Lighting – There should be proper light and appropriate contrast between the computer screen and background.
• Reflections and Glare –  Workplace should avoid direct glare and distracting reflections from light.
• Noise and Heat – Avoid noise related equipment or the equipment producing heat which could cause discomfort to users.

Cautions while Working on the Computer

To work safely on a computer –

1. Unplug all power cables before changing or maintaining the computer, it will prevent hardware damage.
2. User a battery backup to protect against power failure.
3. Remove rings, watches and necklaces to avoid static damage.
4. The static electricity is generated when you are working on a computer, so use a surge protector when you plug your system in.

Watch Out for Cords and Wires

1. Loose cords and wire can cause hazards and even electrical hazards.  
2. Mark cords or wires crossing pathways using hazard tape.
3. Avoid water when working with electricity.
4. Never touch or repair electrical equipment with wet hands.

Chapter 15: Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

Any minor mistake or unexpected event within an organization has the potential to turn into an emergency if it is not handled properly. 

Accidents and Emergencies

An unplanned, uncontrollable, or unexpected event that causes property damage or human injury is called an accident. 

For example –

1. Person falling down and getting injured

An emergency is a dangerous or urgent situation that requires quick response. 

For example –

1. Customer having a heart attack
2. Sudden outbreak of fire in organization

Every organization follows policies and procedures for managing, reporting, and handling emergencies as well as accidents. 

Notice and Correctly Identify Accidents and Emergencies

The most valuable source of guidance in this area will be the organization’s policies and guidelines. These kinds of incidents should be easy to recognize in your company, and you should know how to handle every kind of emergency and disaster.

Get help Promptly and in the Most Suitable Way

Make sure that you will provide the kind of help and support that are given in the organization policies. Even if you have the best of plans, you should still follow the rules and regulations given from the organization. If the situation requires then professionals may be authorized to make decisions.

• Do not follow your feelings or emotions if someone is hurt. Follow the steps described in the injury management policy of your company. 
• Provide help and support within the authorized limit. Only offer the injured person medical assistance if you are qualified to do so.  
• Take advice from senior employees who are qualified to deal with certain circumstances.

Types of Accidents

The following are a few incidents that frequently happen in organizations –

1. Trip and Fall at workplace – Consumers or staff members may trip on items left in aisles, unsecured cables, or higher thresholds, causing them to fall.
2. Slip and FalI – Slips are mainly due to wet floors, spilling of liquids or throwing of other slip-causing material on floors.
3. Injuries caused due to Escalators or Elevators – Injuries can be caused by falling on escalators and getting hurt.
4. Accidents Caused by Falling Goods – People may get injuries when goods fall from shelves or wall hangings onto them.  
5. Accidents due to Moving Objects – Moving objects, such as trolleys, can also injure people in the organization.

Handling Accidents

Identify all possible dangers in your company and take steps to eliminate them in order to try to prevent accidents. In the event that an accident results in a colleague’s injury, take the following action.

1. Attend to the Injured Person Immediately 
2. Inform your Supervisor
3. Assist your Supervisor

Types of Emergencies

You should know how to handle emergencies and what are basic procedures. Here are some general emergency procedures – 

1. First Aid – Must have every essential first aid item necessary to handle common issues.
2. Electrical Safety – Electrical safety, such as keeping food and drink items away from electrical equipment, routine inspections, fire extinguisher, fire alarm system etc.
3. Evacuation – Employees must be aware of who has the coordination or decision-making authority in an emergency. The coordinator needs to be responsible for all of the evacuation procedures.

General Evacuation Procedures 

Every organization has its own evacuation procedures and policies every one has to be aware of these policies. Here are some general evacuation policies – 

1. Immediately move towards the nearest emergency exit.
2. Guide others to the emergency exits.
3. Help the disabled person make their way to the emergency exit.
4. You may carry your hand held belongings as you move towards the emergency exit.
5. Avoid escalators or elevators and avoid overcrowding.
6. Immediately go to the emergency assembly area. 

Fire Hazards in the Workplace

Unsafe storage of combustible dust or flammable materials is another prevalent cause of workplace fires. Since both are hazardous, they need to be handled and stored carefully. 

1. Each worker needs to be aware of the locations of the fire extinguishers.
2. Fire extinguishers and First Aid stations should be marked with signs.
3. Do not use flammable material near electrical panels, switches or near any electrical equipment.
4. All equipment is properly grounded where needed.
5. Fire extinguishers must be inspected regularly.
6. No flammable material is to be placed near the exit door.

Identification of Material and Ignition Sources

Materials are arranged in accordance with these fire classes, which are based on risk –

• Class A Material: materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, which won’t ignite on their own but will continue to burn once exposed to a heat source.
• Class B Material: all liquid, grease, and gas materials that burn when exposed to ignition sources. 
• Class C Material: electrical materials and equipment. These materials provide a significant risk of arc flash and start fires very quickly. 
• Class D Material: any materials that are volatile and able to quickly ignite, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

Fire Extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is a tool for protection that shuts off flames. It is a pressure vessel that is cylindrical in shape and holds an agent that can be released to put out a fire. 

First Aid for Electrical Emergencies

Electrical accidents can happen anywhere, at any time. One of the main concerns is the quick response and care of victims. A victim of an electrical accident is frequently unable to move or release the electrical conductor as a result of muscle cramps. 

Electrical Rescue Techniques 

Approaching the accident 

• Never rush into an accident situation.
• Call 108 as soon as possible.
• Approach the accident place cautiously

Examining the scene

• Examine the victim visually and check whether they have come into contact with any electrical wire.
• Do not touch the victim or conductive surface.
• Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.

Hazards and solutions 

• Be alert from heated surfaces and fire
• Take precaution if you are not able to switch off the power supply.
• Make sure the hands and feet are dry.
• Wear gloves and shoes and stand of dry surface
• User non conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor. 

High voltage rescue 

• Special training is required for how to rescue from high voltage.
• Protective equipment like gloves and shoes must be worn

First Aid

• Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can be necessary for the victim. 
• Provide first aid for injuries and treat shock if the victim is conscious and breathing.
• Make sure the victim receives medical attention as quickly as you can.
• The attending physician needs complete data in order to diagnose and treat the victim correctly. 

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers

Details of NCERT books –
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING
Domestic Data Entry Operator
First Edition
DTP Cell Delhi: NCERT, New Delhi
November 2022

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING [Dinesh Prasad Saklani] (Director). (2022). Domestic Data Entry Operator (First Edition) [English]. Anup Kumar Rajput. https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum25/publication/secondary/402_IT_X.pdf

Disclaimer : The Notes are made by expert teachers from different schools, but if you feel that there are any mistakes in the Maintain Healthy Safe and Secure Working Environment Class 10 Notes, please feel free to leave a comment below or please send mail to anuraganand2017@gmail.com.

Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes – The CBSE has changed the previous textbook and the syllabus of Std. X. The new notes are made based on the new syllabus and based on the New NCERT textbook. These notes are made in collaboration with many expert teachers. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

The revised syllabus includes LibreOffice in Class 10 instead of OpenOffice.

Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes

Any company or organization the data Analyses is very important and the spreadsheet is one of the best software for data analysis. In this chapter we will learn how to analyze the data using LibreOffice Calc.

Chapter 4: Analyse Data using Scenarios and Goal Seek

1. Consolidation Data

Sometimes we want to combine data from multiple sheets for analyzing purposes, this you can do with consolidation of data, consolidation of the data helps to run multiple raw data to summarize data easily using functions like sum, count, average, max, min, product etc. 

Definition: Consolidate is a function which is used to combine data from the multiple sheets into one place to summarize the information. 

Steps to consolidate the data are as follows –

• Step 1: Open Spreadsheet
• Step 2: Choose Data > Consolidate dialog box and select the function
• Step 3: Click on Source data area
• Step 4: Select the source range or type the cell address
• Step 5: Click on Add button
• Step 6: Select additional range and click Add
• Step 7: Specify where you want to save the result using Copy results to box
• Step 8: Press Ok

2. Groups and Subtotals

Groups in LibreOffice – Group and Outline data is used when we want to group rows or columns together so that one can collapse (-) to hide it or expand (+) it using a single click on it. To select the data to be grouped Data > Group and Outline

The subtotal tool in Calc creates a group of data automatically and applies common functions like sum, average on the grouped data. The subtotal will display the data in the form of sorting in ascending or descending order.

Steps how to use subtotal –

• Step 1: Click on Data > Subtotals from menu bar
• Step 2: Select Column in which you want to use subtotal
• Step 3: Select functions like sum, average, count, max, min etc. 
• Step 4: Click Ok.

3. What-if Scenarios

When we ask about the possible results of an activity then we use What-if, What-if helps to explore and compare various alternatives depending on changing conditions. It is used to optimize the output and helps to predict the output while changing the inputs.

Definition: The What-if scenario is a powerful technique, scenario is a set of cell values which is used within the calculation.

Use following steps to create scenarios in LibreOffice Calc-

• Step 1: Select the cells where you want to apply scenarios
• Step 2: Click Tools > Scenarios
• Step 3: Enter name of Scenarios
• Step 4: Click Ok Button. 

4. What-if Analysis Tool

What-if tool is a planning tool for possible outcomes, you can open Multiple Operations from Data > Multiple Operations. Scenarios use a drop-down list to display the result based on the input rather than displaying the output in the same cells as the input but Multiple Operations tools creates a formula array to display the list of results.

Use following steps to create What-if analysis tool –

• Step 1: Enter the data in the cells
• Step 2: Create an array of input values on the basis of output what you generage
• Step 3: Select the cell range of input array and output array
• Step 4: Click on Data > Multiple Operations
• Step 5: Enter the cell address in formula box and Column input cell
• Step 6: Click on Ok

5. Goal Seek

Goal Seek comes under What-if Analysis tools. Goal seek helps to find specific output from the given input. Goal seek can find the correct input when only the output is known.  

Example – Suppose, you require a loan. You are aware of the amount you wish to borrow, you also know the interest rate of the Bank, and how much you can afford to pay each month. To find out what time you’ll need to get in order to reach your loan target, use Goal Seek.

User following steps to create goal seek –

• Step 1: Enter Principal amount, time, rate of interest in the worksheet
• Step 2: Write a formula for Simple interest
• Step 3: Click on Tools > Goal Seek
• Step 4: Place the cursor on the Variable cell box and click on the cell

Chapter 5: Using Macros in Spreadsheet

1. Macro in LibreOffice Calc

Some times we perform the same task multiple times such as using formulas in different places, sometimes we type the same information multiple times like school Name, address, contact number etc, Micro is a tool which helps the user to do the task easily. 

Definition: A Macros is a set of commands for keystrokes that we can store for later use.   

a. Recording a Macro

Macro is a sequence of actions such as keystrokes and clicks that can be recorded and then run as per the requirement. Macro recording can be enabled using the tools option on the main menu bar by selection Tools > Option > LibreOffice > Advanced. 

Note: There are two different options which are not check marked, before starting Macro you have to enable these two options. 

In Macro you can record many thing but there are some action which will not record –

• Opening of windows 
• Transferring action from one window to another window.
• Window switching 
• In Spreadsheet if actions are not related to content
• Selections are recorded only if they are done by using the keyboard, but not  when the mouse is used.
• This macro you can use only in Calc, Writer and Excel

Follow the steps given below to record a macro –

• Step 1: Click on Tools > Macros > Record Macro
• Step 2: Start doing actions which you want to record
• Step 3: After completing your actions Click on Save Macro
• Step 4: Change the name of Macro
• Stet 5: Click on Save button

Rules for naming a Macro –

• Begin with a letter
• Not contain spaces
• Not contain special characters except for underscore (_)

b. Running a Macro

To run the macro in LibreOffice Calc, you can click on Tools > Macros > Run Macro.

Advantages of using Macro in LibreOffice Calc

• The macro can use multiple time
• The macro reduce time and improve the work speed
• The macro can interact more quickly as compare to function
• The macro saves the effort of remembering and typing the formulas.

Chapter 6: Linking Spreadsheet Data

In this chapter we are going to learn how to create multiple sheets and we are also going to understand how to link the data in multiple sheets and how to organize the data properly. 

1. Setting up Multiple Sheets (Insert New Sheets)

When you open LibreOffice Calc, you will find the default sheet “Sheet1”. There are multiple ways to insert a new sheet.

• Select Insert > Sheet from menu bar
• Right click on tab and select Insert Sheet
• Click on the Add Sheet by clicking on the (+) sign located on the left side.

2. Cell Reference

A worksheet cell or range of cells that may be used in a formula for calculating values is referred to as a cell reference. We can link the data in multiple sheets using cell reference. This can be done using two different way –

• Creating reference to other sheets/documents by using keyboard and mouse
• Linking external data.

Creating Reference to Other Sheets by Using Keyboard and Mouse

When we want to add a cell reference from one sheet to another sheet then you have to click the cell where the formula is to be entered, then input the formula with the = (equal sign) and select the cell from the difference sheet. For example, to refer a cell C4 of sheet named Term1 we will type: $‛Term 1’.C4

Note: Single quotes (‘ ’) are used as there is a space between Term and 1 in the sheet name.

Creating Reference to Other Documents by Using Keyboard and Mouse

It is possible to create the referencing across different spreadsheet files using LibreOffice Calc. This type of referencing is used to find the summary of the report using hyperlinks. 

To refer to a cell in a different spreadsheet we write in single quotes the path of the file followed by #$ then the name of the sheet followed by a . (dot) and then the cell address. For example: ‘file:///C:/Users/ADMIN/Documents/X-A.ods’#$Result.C4

Note : The path of a file has three forward slash ///. If filenames have space inside the name then single quotes (‘ ‘) are used. 

3. Hyperlinks to the Sheet

Hyperlinks are used to jump to a document stored at a different location from within a document. . Hyperlinks help to jump from a sheet in the same spreadsheet, different spreadsheet or a website by creating a hyperlink.

a. Relative and Absolute Hyperlinks

There are two different types of hyperlinks –

a. Absolute Hyperlink – An absolute hyperlink keeps track of the entire location where the file is kept. Absolute hyperlinks will not work if the file is removed from the specified location. C:\Users\ADMIN\Downloads\try

b. Relative Hyperlink – The only way a relative link will break is if the start and target locations move in relation to one another. For example: Admin\Downloads\ try.ods is a relative hyperlink as it is dependent on the current location and thus the folder admin is searched where the active spreadsheet is being stored.

4. Linking to External Data

Internet web pages are a rich source of information, this information is stored in a Table in tabular format. LibreOffice Calc helps to import tables from HTML pages into Calc using the External Data Dialog box.

Steps to Inserting data from External Data Dialog box –

• Step 1: Open Spreadsheet where you want to insert external data
• Step 2: Select Sheet > External links
• Step 3: Browse or Drop Down the External Data Source
• Step 4: Press Ok.

a. Linking to Registered Data Sources

We may connect spreadsheet documents to databases and other data sources using LibreOffice Calc. It is necessary to register the data source with LibreOffice.

Data source which you can use to import data in LibreOffice are –

• LibreOffice Base
• ODF Spreadsheet
• HTML Documents
• Notepad File
• XML 

Chapter 7: Share and Review Spreadsheet

LibreOffice Calc allow to share spreadsheet to more than one user at a time. The shared spreadsheet can be edited and accessed by multiple people and allow them to make changes simultaneously on it. 

1. Sharing Spreadsheet

You can share the spreadsheet to multiple users to work in collaboration with the people. To share the spreadsheet you can click on Tools > Share Spreadsheet from the menu bar. This will open the share document dialog box and you can enable or disable sharing option.

a. Saving a Shared Spreadsheet

When you save a shared spreadsheet, from the following any one situations may occur –

• If two or more users are working simultaneously and their changes do not clash. A notification indicating that the spreadsheet has been updated with modifications.
• The resolve conflict dialog window will pop up if there are any conflicts with the changes.
• If any issue is there, the shared spreadsheet cannot be saved by another user without resolving issues. 
• If another user is trying to resolve disputes, then you will receive notification that the file is locked. 

2. Recording Changes (Track Change)

Calculus has the ability to trace which data was modified, when it was modified, by whom, and in which cell it is modified using record change. Record change helps to find the usual changes made by the other user, such as text additions, text alterations, deletions and usual formatting.

Steps for starting recording changes option

• Step 1: To enable the Record changes, first disable the shared mode
• Step 2: Click on Edit > Track Changes > Record
• Step 3: Start editing the worksheet

a. Reviewing Changes – View, Accept or Reject Changes

Once the spreadsheet is edited and saved by the users, now you will find accept or reject options in the Edit > Track Changes > Manage in menu bar to prepare the final spreadsheet. 

3. Merging Worksheet

Users apply the copy and paste method to combine the sheet data, however merging the sheets is a smarter way to take their data together into a single sheet in LibreOffice Calc.

Follow the following steps to merge document –

• Step 1: Open Spreadsheet
• Step 2: Click on Edit > Track Changes > Merge Document
• Step 3: Select spreadsheet file which you want to merge
• Step 4: Click on Accept All

Note: The worksheet’s modifications from various authors are indicated by different colors.

4. Comparing Documents

To compare two workbooks and track the differences between them line by line, use Spreadsheet Compare. LibreOffice Calc provides a facility to compare two documents.

Steps to comparing document in LibreOffice Calc

• Step 1: Click Edit > Track Changes > Compare Document
• Step 2: Open the Compare to dialog window, and select the .ods file
• Step 3: Manage the Changes based on accept/reject the changes
• Step 4: Click on Close button

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers

Details of NCERT books –
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING
Domestic Data Entry Operator
First Edition
DTP Cell Delhi: NCERT, New Delhi
November 2022

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING [Dinesh Prasad Saklani] (Director). (2022). Domestic Data Entry Operator (First Edition) [English]. Anup Kumar Rajput. https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum25/publication/secondary/402_IT_X.pdf

Disclaimer : The Notes, MCQs, and Questions and Answers are made by expert teachers from different schools, but if you feel that there are any mistakes in the Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes, please feel free to leave a comment below or please send mail to anuraganand2017@gmail.com.

The book and the study material are available on the CBSE official website and on the NCERT website also, the teachers have tried to make a summary and try to make it easy to understand which will help the students to improve their CBSE results.

The CBSE has changed the previous textbook and the syllabus of Std. X. The new notes are made based on the new syllabus and based on the New NCERT textbook. These notes are made in collaboration with many expert teachers. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Information Technology (402).

The revised syllabus includes LibreOffice in Class 10 instead of OpenOffice.

Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes

Chapter 1: Introduction to Style

A style is a collection of formats which is used to change the appearance of specific text, pages, frames and other elements in document.

Definition: A style is a set of formats which you want to apply to the document in the term of formatting. Style helps to improve consistency in the document

Advantages of Style in Digital Document

• Provides consistency throughout the document
• Saves time and increases efficiency
• Allows for easy modifications
• Increase accessibility for readers.

Open Office Writer provides six different types of Style

1. Page Style – The page style contains the following elements: background, borders, header and footer placement, page size, and margin.
2. Paragraph Style – The paragraph style contains: line spacing, tab stops, borders and text alignment.
3. Character Style – This style used to work on blocks of letters instead of complete paragraphs. Character Style include text color, text size, highlighting text, or bold and italic formats.
4. Frame Style – Frames are like containers which help to hold text, graphics and lists in a document. Frame Style includes formatting of the frame like size of the picture, position of the text around the picture, border of the text, page background, text background, watermark etc.  
5. List Style – List style uses numbered and bullets.
6. Table Style – Table styles allow formatting options for tables, such as borders, text inside the table, border color, and table format. 

How to apply Styles and Formatting window

Writer provides many different options to open style and formatting windows in LibreOffice-

1. Step 1: Press F11 function key to open the style and formatting windows or Click on Format > Styles and Formatting
2. Step 2: The style window will be open
3. Step 3: Select text area where you want to apply style
4. Step 4: Double click on the style which you want to apply.

Apply Style using Fill Format mode

Fill Format useful tools to apply style quickly in the document which helps format window easy without going back to Style and Formatting windows every time.

Definition: Fill Format is a feature of LibreOffice Writer which helps to copy the formatting from one text to the another text. 

• Step 1: Open the Style and Formatting window
• Step 2: Select the text from where you want to copy the format.
• Step 3: Click on Fill Format window
• Step 4: Click on the location where you want to apply the Style and Formatting, the style will applied automatically.

 Creating New Style in Documents (Custom Style)

LibreOffice provide two different method to creating new custom style –

Creating New Style from a selection 

• Step 1: Open Style and Formatting window
• Step 2: Click on Style which you want to create
• Step 3: Click on the text where you want to save the style
• Step 4: Click on New Style from the selection icon in the Style and Formatting window.
• Step 5: Give the name of the style and click on save.

Create New Style using drag and drop 

• A new style can be created by simply dragging and dropping a text selection into the style and formatting window. First open the formatting and style window. Select some text and drag and drop to the style and formatting window, after that give the name of new style.

Updating a Custom Style 

It will be better for you to use an updating style option to update the style rather than creating a New style. To modify the existing style then follow the blow steps – 

• Step 1: Select page/ paragraph to be modified
• Step 2: Format the selected portion
• Step 3: Click on Style menu and click on update

Load Styles (from a template or document)

You can copy style from the existing template or document. Once copied the style from the other document will be listed in the Style and Formatting window.  Follow the steps to Load the Style –

• Step 1: In the style menu click on Load Style.
• Step 2: Select the document which you want to Load on the document
• Step 3: Click OK to copy the style

Chapter 2: Working with Images

LibreOffice Writer allows you to work with images, shapes, charts and diagrams by using various tools. The image file can be inserted in a document using the following different ways. 

• Using Image dialog box
• Using Drag and Drop Option
• Using Cut, Copy and Paste option
• Inserting an image by linking

Using Image dialog box – Image dialog box is a general procedure to insert an image in a writer.

• Step 1: Click on Insert > Image from menu bar
• Step 2: Select image from dialog box

Using Drag and Drop Option – Using drag and drop you can insert images in the document.

• Step 1: Open a file browser window (Win+E) and select the image
• Step 2: Drag and Drop the image into the document

Using Cut, Copy and Paste option – Another way to insert an image in the document is by using copy and paste.

• Step 1: Select the target file
• Step 2: Copy the image using right click or using shortcut key Ctrl+C
• Step 3: Place the cursor on the location and use Ctrl+V to paste the image in the document.

Inserting an image by linking – If multiple copies of the same image you want to insert in the document then you can use image by linking. Image by linking is beneficial to save the link of the image instead of inserting the image in the document.

• Step 1: Click on Insert Image dialog box
• Step 2: Click on Link option

Modifying an Image

The Image toolbar is used to modify the Image in the Writer, Image toolbar is used to resize, crop, delete and rotate the image.

Using the Image toolbar

The Image toolbar automatically appears when an Image is inserted in the document or click on View > Toolbars > Image from the menu bar.

a. Image Filter in LibreOffice Writer – There are 11 different types of image filters available which you can use to Filter the Image (Improve the quality of Image).

• Invert – This Filter is used when the image is in gray scale and you want to improve brightness like inverted. 
• Smooth – Decrease the contrast of the image.
• Sharpen – Increases the contrast of Image.
• Remove Noise – Removes single pixels from the image.
• Solarisation – Solarisation is used to reverse the tone. Dark appears light and light appears dark.
• Aging – Simulates the effect of time on a picture.
• Posterise – Makes a picture appear like painting by reducing colors in the image.
• Charcoal Sketch – Changes image as charcoal sketch. 
• Relief – Adjusts light source to create shadow.
• Mosaic – Joins a group of pixels into a single area of one color.

b. Image Mode in Image toolbar – There are three Image modes which we can apply in Writer. a) Black and White b) Gray Scale c) Watermark

c. Flip Horizontal and Vertical in Image toolbar – You can flip the image Horizontally or Vertically.

d. Image Rotation in Image toolbar – Image rotation is used to rotate the image in a document.

e. Transparency in Image toolbar – Transparency is used to make the image transparent. 

f. Color in Image toolbar – You can adjust the color combination of the image including adjustment of brightness, contrast and gamma. 

Cropping Image in LibreOffice

Cropping tools are used when you want to cut unwanted areas of the image. To crop the image first select the image and right click on it and from the pop up menu select Picture and then click on Crop option. 

You can control the image parameters using following tools –

Keep Scale/ Keep Image Size 

The Keep Scale does not change the scale of the image it maintains the aspect ratio of the original image after cropping but in keep image size the cropping results either enlarge, reduce or distortion and the image size staying constant. 

Difference between Scaling and Resizing

Images can be resized to change their dimensions (size of the image) without affecting the contents. The contents will be stretched to the new dimensions when the image is scaled.

Drawing Objects

If you want to create flowchart or any shapes in your document, then LibreOffice Writer provides a Drawing Object feature in the document. To display the Drawing Toolbar in the Writer, click on View > Toolbars > Drawing.

Steps to Insert Drawing Object –

• Step 1: In the document where you want to insert object
• Step 2: In the Drawing toolbar select the tool
• Step 3: Click and drag to create a drawing object.

Resizing and Grouping objects

• Resizing – is a method in Writer which helps to reduce or enlarge the size of the image. The most popular way to resize the image is using sizing handles, these handles can be used to increase or decrease the size of the image.

• Grouping – LibreOffice Writer allows grouping methods to group multiple objects in a single object without affecting their size and position.

Positioning Image in the Text

Positioning Image can be used for text and other images or drawing objects in the document. In LibreOffice the positioning of an image is controlled by four settings. 

• Arrangement
• Anchoring
• Alignment
• Text Wrapping

Note : The above settings can be accessed by using three different ways – a) Format menu b) Context menu c) Using right click on the object.

Arrangement – Arrangement is used to arrange the position of an image, drawing object or text, if any image is overlapped or not arranged properly in writing in that condition you can take the help of arrangement. There are six different types of arrangement –  

• Bring to Front 
• Forward One 
• Back One 
• Send to Back 
• To Foreground 
• To Background

Note – First four settings can be applied on an image or drawing, but the last two are available for drawings only.

Anchoring – Anchoring allows an image to retain its position to a page, paragraph, character or frame.

Alignment – Allows the vertical or horizontal placement of the image with respect to its anchor.

Text Wrapping – Wrapping allows the placement of image in relation to text. 

Chapter 3: Advanced Features of Writer

Table of Contents (ToC)

The Index page (List of the page) of every book is known as table of contents, LibreOffice Writer has a facility to create a table of contents automatically. The table of contents takes entries or content from the headings of the document.

Hierarchy of Headings

Heading 1 through Heading 10 are the ten different heading types that LibreOffice Writer supports. This heading is helpful when creating a table of contents because its placement ensures that the correct heading styles Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3 and so on are positioned correctly, which also ensures that your table of contents is created correctly. 

The elements for entries at that level are shown on the Structure line. On the Structure line, every button denotes a single element. –

• The E# button represents the chapter number.
• The E button represents the entry text.
• The T button represents a tab stop.
• The # button represents the page number.
• The LS button represents the start of a hyperlink. 
• The LE button represents the end of a hyperlink. 

Template in LibreOffice Writer

A template is just like a model which is used to create another document. templates reduce the workload and improve the work quality. 

Definition: A template is a preset layout that helps to create professional and/or formal documents easily

Creating a Template

You can create your own template for future use. Follow the steps given below to create and save a template in Writer.

• Step 1: Open the document
• Step 2: Select File > Templates > Save
• Step 3: Type the name of the new template
• Step 4: Click on Save button

Using In-built/Saved Templates

LibreOffice allows the user to use in-built templates, online templates as well as the template created and saved by us.

• Step 1: Open the new document in LibreOffice Writer
• Step 2: Select File > Templates > Manage Templates or use shortcut key Ctr+Shift+N
• Step 3: Select the desired template and click Open button
• Step 4: Make the desired changes and save the file

Using Online Templates

LibreOffice provides a wide range of online templates which can be downloaded from the Internet. Once these templates are downloaded and installed on the computer then they will appear in the Template window. To view the template in Write then follow File > Templates > Manage Templates.

Track Changes Feature

Track Change is a powerful tool of LibreOffice, which allows the user to monitor the changes made to a document from the other users, as well as user comments. Track Change make reviewing a document easier and modification is tracked and displayed. 

Definition: Track Changes helps you to keep track of other users’ edits and comments on a document. 

The various buttons present on the Track Changes toolbar – 

• View Track Changes – This button displays all the changes made in the document by different users.
• Record Track Changes – Any character added to the document will be displayed in a different color and any deletion done will be seen in strike-through style.
• Previous Track Changes/Next Track Changes– Click on these buttons to navigate between the changes made.
• Accept/Accept All Track Changes – Accept all the changes made to the document.
• Reject/Reject All Track Changes – Clicking Reject Track Changes or Reject All Track Changes button, respectively.
• Manage Track Changes – Which contains a detailed list of all changes made to the document along with the author’s name and date and time of modification.
• Insert Comment – This button is used to add a comment in a document. 

Employability skills Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Notes
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Notes

Employability skills Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 MCQ

Employability skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Communication Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Self-Management Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- Basic ICT Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 5- Green Skills Class 10 Questions and Answers

Information Technology Class 10 Notes

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Notes
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Notes
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Notes

Information Technology Class 10 MCQ

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 MCQ
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 MCQ

Information Technology Class 10 Questions and Answers

• Unit 1- Digital Documentation Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 2- Electronic Spreadsheet Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 3- RDBMS Class 10 Questions and Answers
• Unit 4- Web Applications And Security Class 10 Questions and Answers

Details of NCERT books –
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING
Domestic Data Entry Operator
First Edition
DTP Cell Delhi: NCERT, New Delhi
November 2022

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRANING [Dinesh Prasad Saklani] (Director). (2022). Domestic Data Entry Operator (First Edition) [English]. Anup Kumar Rajput. https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum25/publication/secondary/402_IT_X.pdf

Digital documentation helps to understand how the computer is used in Offices, you can make digital documentation class 10 notes pdf from the above topic, we also provide digital documentation class 10 questions and answer, we do not provide digital documentation class 10 notes handwritten,

Digital Documentation Class 10 mcq are available on the website, We also provide digital documentation class 10 project file, you can also find the link of digital documentation class 10 mcq, you can make digital documentation class 10 practical pdf. What is digital documentation class 10, digital documentation is a just like digital paper where we can type the information.

Disclaimer : The Notes, MCQs, and Questions and Answers are made by expert teachers from different schools, but if you feel that there are any mistakes in the Digital Documentation Class 10 Notes, please feel free to leave a comment below or please send mail to anuraganand2017@gmail.com.

The book and the study material are available on the CBSE official website and on the NCERT website also, the teachers have tried to make a summary and try to make it easy to understand which will help the students to improve their CBSE results.