Security Operation And Housekeeping In Retail Class 10 Notes

The security industry in India took a steep rise in the early 90s when globalization took place in India. The corporate sector and multinational companies created a huge demand for security services. The private security sector in India is growing at the compound average growth rate of 25 percent annually and generates more than 12 lakh jobs per annum.

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Security Operation and housekeeping in Retail Class 10 Notes

Session 1: Security Points in Retail Store

Private security plays an important role in safeguarding people and property. Private security creates a safe and secure environment for companies and their employees to function effectively. In India, crimes are divided into two types: cognizable and non-cognizable. Cognizable are the serious crimes where police can arrest without a warrant, but non-cognizable are less serious and need a warrant to arrest. According to section 43 of the Criminal Procedure Code, any private security guard can arrest someone due to a cognizable or non-bailable offense in front of them or if they are officially declared as a wanted criminal by the court. After arrest, the person must be handed over to the police quickly, or if the police officer is not there, take them to the nearest police station.

Security Points

Private security helps to protect people, property, and information. Private security is not responsible for police work or enforcing laws; instead, private security focuses on keeping things safe through four main steps:

Prevention: Use physical barriers like locks, gates, and walls and security of the person. The goal is to stop unauthorized access and protect assets.
Detection: Private security is responsible for security alarms and CCTV surveillance to identify the illegal activity. The goal is to alert all the people present inside the retail store using the security alarm.
Interference: If anything happens wrong, then an immediate response.
Delay: The stronger the security system, the greater the delay caused to an intruder, thereby increasing the chances of detection.

Job Roles and Duties

Security personnel protect the buildings, grounds, assets, and occupants, including visitors assigned to them. The main job roles within the Private Security Organisation are security guard (various types), security supervisor, security officer, and manager. A security guard is required to perform the following duties:

a. Reception Duties

At the reception, the security guard has to perform the following duties:

Ensure that all equipment is operational at the beginning of duty.
Ensure that all visitors enter their particulars in the visitor book.
Ensure that the badges and visitor slips are issued after checking with the visiting officer, if prior information is not available.
Ensure that all documentation is available at the start of duty.
Ensure that the documents are complete.
Ensure that all visitors comply with the company rules and policies with regard to the use of the following:
- Mobile telephone
- Arms and ammunition
- Laptop/pen drive
- Cameras

b. Gate Duties

A security guard on duty at the entrance to the premises is the first point of contact for the company, staff, and visitors. The gate duties include the following:

Ensure that all equipment is operational at the start of duty.
Ensure that all documentation is available at the start of duty.
Stop vehicles entering and exiting.
Stop personnel from entering and exiting.
Search vehicles entering and exiting.
Search personnel entering and exiting.
Record all incidents of stop and search.
Ensure that all documentation is completed as soon as possible.

c. Material Handling

A security guard on duty at the in/out material handling in the organization has to perform the following duties:

Ensure that all equipment is operational at the start of duty.
Ensure that all documentation is available at the start of duty.
Stop personnel and vehicles from entering and exiting.
Record all incidents of stop and search.
Ensure that the materials are as per the purchase order and challan/invoice.
Outgoing material is allowed only after authentication of the authorized signatory.
Ensure that all documentation pertaining to incoming/outgoing material is completed as soon as practicable.
Maintain separate registers for returnable material.
When conducting searches of vehicles or bags, get the driver or owner to conduct the physical aspects of the actual search.

d. Patrolling

The patrolling of premises is one of the most important duties performed by the security personnel. The security patrol falls into two main groups:

Mobile Patrol
Static Assignment Patrol

e. Mobile Patrols

The security personnel on patrol is one of the most important elements of any security system.
Mobile patrol visits are carried out on a client’s property at irregular intervals.
The patrol may entail a check of the perimeter of the premises or may require a comprehensive internal investigation.
The number of visits per shift may have to be agreed upon with the client.

f. Static Assignment Patrol

Patrols on a static site are usually undertaken on a constant basis, checking both internally and externally.
Alertness, interest, and thoroughness are some of the essential qualities of an effective static security guard.

Control Room Duties

A control room is a room serving as an operations center where a facility or service can be monitored and controlled. The function and duties of a controller, therefore, would be to provide for the following:

Effective monitoring of guards, patrolmen, and mobile supervisory staff by strict observance of rules for proper documentation, telephone, radio, or other communication procedures.
Recording of all appropriate routine and emergency matters to enable management to deal quickly and efficiently with the company’s contractual responsibilities.
Maintaining a register of all keys held in the facility.
Ensure proper surveillance through CCTV.

Assignment Instructions

Assignment instructions are written guidelines that tell security staff exactly what to do during their duty. They help everyone know their role and responsibilities clearly.

Internal Organization Chart: It will give the security guard necessary information as to who is who in the organization.
Company’s Safety Statement: The statement ensures that the security staff is aware of all hazards in respect of safety, health, and welfare at work and the management plans for dealing with various types of hazards.
Standing Instructions: These include day-to-day working and procedural requirements.
Emergency Plan: The plan describes the action to be taken in the event of a serious incident such as a fire or a disaster, a bomb threat, evacuation of the building, armed robbery, or other serious threats to the assignment.
Evacuation Instructions: These are the instructions that indicate action to be taken in the event of emergencies. Location of assembly points, name and location of fire warden, list of members of emergency response team and other persons.
Name and Address of Key Personnel: It includes the details of the senior personnel so that in the event of an operational incident or a major incident, they can be contacted and informed as to the extent of the incident.

Responding to Emergencies

Security personnel are expected to react to emergency situations and to reduce the impact caused by an emergency event at a worksite. The training of security personnel should include the following:

Monitoring alarm systems and assessing the need for response and follow-up.
Responding to an emergency alarm.
Communicating details of the incident.
Emergency scene isolation.
Managing emergency situations.

Session 2: Role and Functions of Security Personnel

A security guard is someone who protects people or property without weapons. Security guards also act like supervisors and work under the guidance of a security supervisor.

Wear a neat and tidy uniform.
Maintain hygiene and proper grooming.
Follow the instructions received from the supervisor.
Talk politely with students, staff, and visitors.
Prevention or detection of intrusion, unauthorized entry or activity, vandalism, or trespass on private property.
Be watchful while on night patrol and check all suspicious persons.
Work as a team with other security personnel.
Make a proper entry in the visitor log and collect the vendor/visitor photo ID card.
Prevent or detect theft, loss, embezzlement, misappropriation, or concealment of merchandise, money, valuables, documents, or papers.
Leave his post only after giving charge to the other security guard.
Adhere to and enforce established company rules, regulations, policies, and practices.
Report incidents as per the procedure.

Eligibility for Security Guard

a. Physical Standards

Height:

Male: Minimum 160 cm
Female: Minimum 150 cm

Weight & Chest:

Weight: As per the standard height-weight chart.
Chest Male: Minimum 80 cm with 4 cm expansion.
Chest (Female): No minimum requirement

Vision:

Far Sight: 6/6
Nearsightedness: 0.6/0.6
Color Vision: Must be free from color blindness

Reading Ability:

The person should be able to read and understand English alphanets and numbers.
Mobility & Endurance:
Free from knock knees and flat feet.
Must be able to run 1 km in 6 minutes.

Hearing Ability:

Must be free from hearing defects.
Should be able to hear and respond to spoken voice and alarms.

Strength & Dexterity:

Must have physical strength and coordination to use force to restrain individuals, handle objects, and perform searches.

Health Conditions

Must be free from contagious or infectious diseases

Types of Security Guards

Personal Security Guards: They are appointed for the purpose of providing physical security to their employers. They are also known as black cats or bouncers and accompany their employers everywhere.
Residential Security Guards: They are employed in residential colonies, apartments, aged homes, and other residential areas for providing security to their clients.
Corporate Security Guards: They are employed for internal and external security of the business assets. Corporate security includes protection of corporate buildings, shopping malls, private organizations, hospitals, etc.
Private Security Guards: They are employed by businessmen and entrepreneurs for private security services.
Mobile Security Guards: The mobile security guards keep moving around the perimeter and observe and monitor people for suspicious behavior or actions.
Static Security Guards: Unlike mobile security guards, they stay at one place and monitor the movement of the people and materials. They may also use an electronic surveillance system to perform the job.

Security Supervisor/Head Guard

The person who monitors and regulates employees for their performance with regard to assigned or delegated tasks is a security supervisor. Normally a security supervisor is placed over 15 security personnel deployed at a site. However, one A person with experience and capability is appointed as ‘Head Guard’ to perform the duties of a supervisor in a shift involving less than 10 persons.

The role and responsibilities of a security supervisor include the following:

Supervise the security staff as per the company’s policies and rules.
Educate the security staff on the various procedures and systems approved by the management.
Conduct training activities for the security staff.
Maintain security equipment and gadgets.
Deploy security personnel for optimum use so as to ensure total security of the institute/ organization/ residential colony.
Ensure the maintenance of entry and exit logs.
Update and sign all Daily Security Reports.
Monitor inward and outward loading of goods, provisions, and other materials.
Report all violations of the institute’s rules and regulations and special orders to the Head of Security/Management.

Field Officers/Inspectors

These are the persons responsible to the management of the security company for enforcing and implementing the policies.

Assignment Officer

He is, in general terms, a person who monitors and regulates employees for their performance of assigned or delegated tasks.

Assistant Security Officer

The assistant security officer is on the payroll of the security company deployed at the site to monitor and regulate employees for their performance of assigned or delegated tasks.

Carry Home Emoluments and Benefits in the Private Security Industry

Pay and Allowances: In the security sector, your pay depends on the level of the position and the company. In general, the pay is governed by the Minimum Wages Act of the State.
Provident Fund (PF): An employee saves 12% of the basic wages, and an equal amount is contributed by the employer (8.33% towards the pension fund & 3.67% towards the contribution of the Provident Fund).

Pension depends on the total subscription made in the fund. Some of the benefits accrued are as follows:

Lump sum payment of accretion with interest on retirement / leaving the job.
Partial withdrawal during a job for specified purposes.
Provision of taking early pension but not before attaining the age of 50 years.
Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme: Upon death while in service, an additional payment in a lump sum equal to the average P.F. accretion, subject to a maximum of Rs. 60,000, is given.
Employees’ Pension Scheme: Pension to member on retirement/invalidity.
Pension to family members on member’s death

Employees State Insurance Scheme (ESIC) Coverage: Under the scheme, employee’s contributory insurance cover is available at a marginal contribution of 1.75% of basic wages. The following benefits are available:
Medical Benefit: Sickness Benefit (SB): There are two types of sickness benefits.
- Extended Sickness Benefit (ESB): ESB is extendable up to two years in the case of 34 malignant and long-term diseases at an enhanced rate of 80 percent of wages.
- Enhanced Sickness Benefit: Enhanced Sickness Benefit equal to full wage is payable to insured persons undergoing sterilization for 7 days and 14 days for male and female workers, respectively.
Maternity Benefit (MB): Maternity Benefit for confinement/pregnancy is payable for three months, which is extendable by a further one month on medical advice at the rate of full wage subject to contribution for 70 days in the preceding year.
Disablement Benefit: There are two types of disablement benefits.
- Temporary disablement benefit (TDB): This benefit is available from day one of entering insurable employment and irrespective of having paid any contribution in case of employment injury.
- Permanent disablement benefit (PDB): The benefit is paid at the rate of 90% of wage in the form of monthly payment depending upon the extent of loss of earning capacity as certified by a medical board.
Dependants’ Benefit (DB): It is paid at the rate of 90% of wage in the form of monthly payment to the dependants of a deceased insured person in cases where death occurs due to employment injury or occupational hazards.

Other Benefits

Funeral Expenses: An amount of Rs.10,000/- is payable to the dependents or to the person who performs last rites from day one of entering insurable employment.
Confinement Expenses: An insured woman and an insured person in respect of his wife shall be paid a sum of one thousand rupees per case as “confinement expenses,” formerly known as a medical bonus.
Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojana 2005: An insured person who becomes unemployed after being insured for three or more years due to closure of a factory/establishment, retrenchment, or permanent invalidity is entitled to:
- Unemployment Allowance equal to 50% of wage for a maximum period of up to one year.
- Medical care for self and family from ESI hospitals during the service.
- Vocational training is provided for upgrading skills.
Workman Compensation: In case of a personal injury, the employer is liable to pay compensation in accordance with the provision of the Act within 30 days.
Bonus Payment: Any employee on a salary or wage not exceeding [three thousand and five hundred rupees] per month in any industry, then the employer has to provide a bonus payment.
Leave: All employees are governed by the company policy and the labor laws prevalent in the states.

Session 3: Material Handling in Housekeeping

Housekeeping is very important for keeping workplaces safe and clean. When things are lying around, like paper, trash, and spills, then this housekeeping staff cleans the area and helps to prevent accidents.

Effective housekeeping results in:

Reduced handling to ease the flow of materials.
Fewer tripping and slipping accidents in clutter-free and spill-free work areas
Decreased fire hazards
Lower worker exposures to hazardous substances
(e.g., dusts, vapors) Better control of tools and materials, including inventory and supplies
More efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance
Better hygienic conditions leading to improved health
More effective use of space
Reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance
Less janitorial work
Improved morale
Improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find)

Housekeeping tasks can be grouped into a number of areas, including:

Occupational Health and Security
Safety Cleanliness (sanitation) controls
Damage avoidance
Fire prevention and protection
Safe, secure storage systems
Regular inspections
Stock control
Personal hygiene and appearance
Maintenance and storage of housekeeping equipment

Common housekeeping tasks are

Vacuum cleaning
Painting
Weeding
Maintenance
Waste removal

Material Handling

Material handling means moving or carrying things by hand or with help from others. This material handling includes lifting, holding, putting down, pushing, pulling, or carrying items. Dangerous materials should be stored in safe containers and kept away from anything that could cause a fire. All the equipment used for handling materials must be in good condition. The retail stores come in different sizes, from big department stores to small specialty shops. Because of this, cleaning and safety rules may be different in each store. It is important that all team members know the rules and safety guidelines.

Session 4: Procedure in Housekeeping

A clean place to work is necessary for safety. Good housekeeping is a part of your job.

Immediately clean up any paint, grease, oil, water, etc. that has spilled on the floor. Someone could slip, causing serious injury.
Pick up any banding, scrap metal, or other metal debris and put it in scrap metal bins.
Pick up any scrap lumber, sawdust, etc., and put it into scrap lumber bins.
Put any scrap papers, boxes, etc., into the proper garbage containers or recycling bins.
Put cans into bins marked for cans.
Clean up debris and organize tables and work stations that you have been using so that the next person can start with a clean work area.
Clean any machine and surrounding area after use.
Return all hand tools to their proper places after use or at the end of your shift.
Keep all walkways, aisles, roadways, and areas in front of fire extinguishers and electrical panel boxes free of obstruction.
Keep your restrooms and lunchrooms as clean and neat as possible. Put all garbage into garbage cans, not beside them. Do not put paper towels in the toilets.
Keep your forklift cab area clean, and do not transport or store items in the cab.
Immediately sweep up any Blast Machine shot that you notice on the floor. Shot on the floor is very dangerous, as it is a slipping hazard.
Never leave hooks or hangers on the floor; always put them in their proper place.
Before the end of the shift, empty garbage cans into the garbage bins and haul the bin outside and dump it into the “Loraas” bin.
Always put all brooms and shovels back to their proper areas and places after use.
Keep the office and the surrounding area clean and clear of parts, junk, etc.
Clean the computers at least once a week by wiping them with computer cleaning fluid.
Stack pallets, boxes, baskets, etc. neatly to avoid them falling over.
Organize your workstation as neatly and efficiently as possible. Avoid over clutter.
Keep stairways and platforms clear of obstruction.
Keep storage areas neat and organized.
Clean up any air lines, extension cords, etc. after use.
Keep the area clear around safety eyewash fountains and showers, safety spill kits, emergency switches, etc.
Keep your locker and changing area clean and neat.
Keep walk-through doors and overhead doors clear and free of snow, etc.
Keep desks and filing cabinets clean and well organized.
Clean office, computer, and printer areas at the end of every shift.
Clean as you go. (Continually clean your work area as you work.)
Remember, a safe shop is a clean shop!

When applying housekeeping procedures to your counter area, five key points must be considered.

Clean
Safe
Uncluttered
Well organized
Customer friendly

Waste Removal and Disposal

In a busy retail environment it is common to accumulate general waste materials. General materials might include:

Packaging materials
Rubbish
Broken or damaged merchandise
Paper
Glass
Plastic

If the retailer deals with food, other food or liquid waste materials might include:

Food substances
Fats
Oils.

When removing general waste, it is important to:

Use correct lifting techniques.
Wear gloves or other personal protective equipment as required and move steadily—don’t rush.
Remove waste from customers’ sight
Separate waste in accordance with store policies and procedures to ensure effective recycling.

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