Explore Emerging Trends Class 12 NCERT Solutions designed as per the latest CBSE Web Application syllabus. These solutions cover important topics like Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT). Our step-by-step answers help Class 12 students understand the latest technologies and score better in board exams.
Emerging Trends Class 12 NCERT Solutions
I. Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is true about artificial intelligence?
a. AI is any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind, such as learning and problem-solving.
b. AI is the ability of a machine to rationalise and take actions that have the best chance of achieving a specific goal.
c. Artificial intelligence is used to create machines that mimic important cognitive functions.
d. All of the above
2. Which of these is not an application of artificial intelligence?
a. Plotting Graphs using data
b. Google Maps
c. Facial Detection and Recognition
d. Autocorrection and text editors
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about machine learning?
a. It is a method of data analysis using computer algorithms that automates analytical model building.
b. Artificial intelligence is a branch of machine learning.
c. There are 7 basic steps in machine learning.
d. Deep understanding of the human genome
4. Which of the following is not a service provided by Cloud?
a. Storage
b. Databases
c. Wi-fi
d. Software
5. Which of these services allow users to store files on their servers, synchronise files across devices, and share files?
a. Google Drive
b. iCloud
c. OneDrive
d. All of these
6. Which of the following is not an operating system?
a. Windows
b. Linux
c. Oracle
d. DOS
7. The internet-connected devices we use to perform services and processes that support our way of life are called:
a. Machine Learning
b. Cloud Computing
c. Internet of Things
d. Artificial Intelligence
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of application software?
a. Android
b. Photoshop
c. MS-Word
d. GIMP
9. The primary purpose of an operating system is:
a. To make the most efficient use of the computer hardware
b. To allow people to use the computer,
c. To keep systems programmers employed
d. To make computers easier to use
10. Which of the following is the correct depiction of digital marketing?
a. E-mail Marketing
b. Social Media Marketing
c. Web Marketing
d. All of the above
11. Which of the following is incorrect about digital marketing?
a. Digital marketing can only be done offline.
b. Digital marketing cannot be done offline.
c. Digital marketing requires electronic devices for promoting goods and services.
d. In general, digital marketing can be understood as online marketing, web marketing, and email marketing.
12. In order to protect privacy and safety, you should:
a. Use a pseudonym to protect your identity.
b. Refrain from posting any information about where you are.
c. Be cautious to not reveal personal and private details, especially concerning other people.
d. Don’t worry about this – hackers and criminals don’t use social media.
13. Ways to try to stop cyberbullying include:
a. Not replying to hurtful messages or posts.
b. Reporting the bullying behaviour to someone who can help, like a parent or teacher.
c. Saving evidence of unwanted messages which can be used by a trusted adult or the police to help stop the cyberbullying behaviour.
d. All of the above
14. Some of the social media etiquettes that students should follow are:
a. To Post or Not to Post
b. Respect others’ privacy.
c. Make a strong password.
d. All of the above’
15. Career opportunities that cannot be pursued in digital marketing
a. Influencer
b. Content creator
c. Chef
d. Ecommerce Manager
II. Very Short Answer Questions
16. List some common applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Answer: The common applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning are:
- Chatbots
- Self-driving Cars
- Face Recognition
- Medical Diagnosis Tools
- Speech Recognition
2. What is IoT? Give some examples of IoT devices.
Answer: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects that are connected to the internet using software, sensors and other technologies. Examples of IoT devices are:
- Fitness trackers
- Smartwatches
- Smart TV
- Smart refrigerators
3. What is an operating system? Give some examples of OS used in mobile devices.
Answer: An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a user and a computer system. Examples of OS used in mobile devices are:
- Android
- iOS (Apple)
- HarmonyOS (Huawei)
4. Differentiate between application software and system software (any 4 points).
Answer: The differences between application software and system software are:
| System Software | Application Software |
|---|---|
| This acts as an interface between the system and the applications | This is designed directly from the user perspective |
| These are responsible for the working of the system. | They have minimum involvement in the processing and functioning of the computer device |
| It is the platform that allows the various application software to run on the system | These are independent applications which can be download and installed in the system |
| The system software is installed at the time of installing the operating system. A computer device cannot work without its presence. | The application software can be installed as and when the user requires them |
| Examples for System Software include Android, Mac Operating system, MS Windows, etc. | Examples of Application Software include Word Processor, games, media player, etc. |
5. What is cloud computing?
Answer: Cloud computing is services provided over the Internet or the cloud in terms of servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, intelligence and many more.
6. Differentiate between AI and ML.
Answer: The differences between AI and ML are:
| ntelligence | Machine Learning |
|---|---|
| This technology enables a machine to simulate human behavior. | This is a branch of AI which allows a machine to automatically learn from past data without programming explicitly. |
| AI is used to make a smart computer system like humans to solve complex problems. | ML helps machines to learn from data so that they can give accurate output. |
| Creating an intelligent system that can perform various complex tasks is the goal | Creating machines that can perform only those specific tasks for which they are trained is the goal. |
| Maximizing the chances of success is the focus | Accuracy and patterns are the focus |
| Siri, customer support using chatbots, Online game playing, expert systems and intelligent humanoid robot are some applications of AI | Google search algorithms, online recommender system, Facebook tagging suggestions, etc. are some applications of ML |
| Categories of AI -> Weak -> General -> Strong | Categories of learning in ML -> Supervised learning -> Unsupervised learning -> Reinforcement learning |
| Reasoning, self-correction and learning | Self-correction and learning when introduced with new data. |
| Deals with unstructured, semi-structured, and structured data. | Deals with semi-structured and structured data. |
7. What is digital marketing? List some of the career options one can pursue in digital marketing.
Answer: Digital marketing means using the digital channels to market products. It is also known as online marketing, and it promotes brands and connects them to potential customers via the internet. Digital marketing can be done in various forms, such as search engines, websites, social media, email, mobile apps, text messaging, web-based advertising, etc.
Some of the career opportunities that can be pursued in digital marketing are:
- Digital marketing intern
- Photographer
- Social media specialist
- Graphic Designer
- Copywriter
- Search Engine Optimisation Specialist (SEO Specialist)
- Marketing Analyst
- Ecommerce Manager
8. Explain the terms ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘machine learning’.
Answer:
- Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence is a machine which shows intelligence like learning, thinking or solving problems similar to how humans do.
- Machine Learning: Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence where computers learn from data to make decisions or predictions without being directly programmed for every task.
9. Explain any 2 cloud storage providers.
Answer: The cloud storage providers are:
- Google Drive: Google Drive was launched on 24 April 2012 by Google; it can store, sync and share files across different devices.
- Dropbox: Dropbox was launched in 2007 by two MIT students. It can store files, and you can access the files from anywhere, sync, share and collaborate easily.
- OneDrive: OneDrive was launched in August 2007 by Microsoft. It can store files, sync across smartphones and laptops, and direct you to upload Microsoft Office documents.
- iCloud: iCloud was launched on 12 October 2012 by Apple Inc. It can store documents, photos, and music on remote servers, and it can sync with iOS, macOS, and Windows devices. Helps to manage Apple devices if lost or stolen.
10. Why is it harmful to spread rumours on social media?
Answer: Social networking sites or social media are platforms open to all, and there is no regulation or self-checking mechanism there. In recent times, some people use social media to push political or social divisions; false news can create tension between communities. So, it is the responsibility of everyone to think before sharing, report harmful content and promote digital literacy.
III. Short Answer Questions
1. Mention any 2 advantages and disadvantages of IoT.
Answer: The advantages and disadvantages of IoT are:
Advantages of IoT
- Improved efficiency and automation of tasks.
- Increased convenience and accessibility of information.
- Greater ability to gather and analyse data.
- Improved decision-making.
- Cost savings.
Disadvantages of IoT
- Security concerns and potential for hacking or data breaches.
- Privacy issues related to the collection and use of personal data.
- Dependence on technology and potential for system failures.
- Limited battery life on some devices.
- Concerns about job displacement due to automation.
2. Explain any 3 advantages of the operating system.
Answer: The advantages of an operating system are:
- User-Friendliness: Operating systems provide simple and friendly interfaces for users to interact with the computer.
- Resource Sharing: The operating system can share hardware resources like printers, speakers and memory.
- Data Protection: The operating system protects user data from unauthorised access.
- Multitasking: The operating system allows multiple programs to run at the same time.
3. List four types of operating systems.
Answer: The four types of operating system are:
- Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
- Single-User Operating System
- Multiuser Operating System
- Mobile Operating System
4. What are the benefits of digital marketing?
Answer: The benefits of digital marketing are:
- Helps to reach a larger customer; you can connect with customers on every side of the world.
- You can create social media accounts for free for promoting the product, but traditional marketing channels like TV, radio and print media have higher costs than digital channels.
- You can track how many people see your ads, click your links or buy your products.
- You can interact with customers at every step of their buying journey.
5. What is social media etiquette?
Answer: Social media ‘Etiquette’ means how you treat others on the internet; it is about being respectful, responsible, and thoughtful when posting, sharing, or commenting on the internet. Good social media etiquette takes care of intellectual property rights; they always treat others with respect, and they do not share another person’s information, image or videos without consent.
IV. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain any 4 functions of an operating system.
Answer: The four functions of an operating system are:
- Memory Management: Memory management is an important function of the operating system which handles the computer’s primary memory (RAM) and ensures that the memory utilisation is used in an efficient manner.
- Process Management: Every software that runs on a computer is a process. The process management role is to handle the process and its execution. It ensures that the CPU utilises the process and execution efficiently.
- Device Management: The operating system manages input/output devices such as printers, keyboards, mice, and displays. It provides the necessary drivers and interfaces to enable communication between the devices and the computer.
- File Management: The operating system is responsible for organising and managing the file system, including the creation, deletion, and manipulation of files and directories.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing?
Answer: The advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing are:
Advantages of Cloud Computing
- Faster time to market: Cloud helps to build and test new apps quickly; there is no need to wait for hardware or setup.
- Scalability and flexibility: In this context, ‘flexible’ means wheneveryou require more storage or speed, you can customise and have no need to buy expensive machines.
- Cost savings: You can pay only that much money for what you use.
- Better collaboration: Cloud files are online, so you can access them from anywhere at any time.
- Advanced security: Cloud companies used advanced tools to keep your data safe.
Disadvantages of cloud computing
- Internet Connectivity: You need a stable internet connection to access your file.
- Vendor lock-in: If you want to switch from one cloud to another cloud, then it can be tricky.
- Security: Cloud companies use strong security protection of the data, but if their security fails, then hackers might steal sensitive information.
3. Explain any 4 social media etiquettes that a student should follow.
Answer: The four social media etiquettes are:
- Protect your privacy: never share your personal information online. It includes your password, phone number, home address and email address.
- Do Not Connect with Strangers: Never connect with people you do not know in real life. You should accept requests only from people whom you know.
- Respect People’s Privacy: Respect other people’s privacy the same way you would like them to handle your personal information. Ask for their permission before you share their photos or videos.
- Be Careful of What You Share About Yourself: Never share personal or confidential information online.
4. What is IIoT? How is it different from IoT?
Answer: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects that are connected to the internet using software, sensors and other technologies. When the IoT is used in industries, factories, manufacturing plants or any other industrial settings, it is known as IIoT. It helps to connect machines, sensors and software to the internet so they can collect the data.
5. What is edge computing? Write the difference between cloud computing and edge computing.
Answer: Edge computing is the practice of capturing, storing, processing and analysing data near the client, where the data is generated, instead of in a centralised data-processing warehouse. Cloud computing are services provided over the Internet or the cloud in terms of servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, intelligence and many more.
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