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Introduction to HTML

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In this chapter, Introduction to HTML, students will learn about the fundamentals of HTML, including basic tags, document structure, attributes, and how web pages are created. Understanding HTML is the first step toward becoming a web developer and building your own website.

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Introduction to HTML

HTML stands for HyperText Markup. HTML Language invented by Tim Berners-Lee, which is used to create webpages. The HTML helps to define how text, images, links, and other elements will be displayed in the browser. The HTML contains small markup tags, which are used to give instructions to the browser about how to display the webpage. An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file extension and can be written in a simple text editor like Notepad.

Why HTML is Important

HTML is the backbone of the webpage. Every webpage is built on HTML. HTML ensures that headings, paragraphs, links, images, and tables are properly structured and readable. It is a universal language and supports all the devices and operating systems across the world.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Welcome to HTML</h1>
</body>
</html>
  • The <!DOCTYPE html> defines that this HTML document is an HTML5.
  • The <html> tag is a root tag of the HTML page.
  • The <head> tag contains meta information about the HTML page.
  • The <title> tag declares the title of the HTML page.
  • The <body> tag stores all the tags such as heading, paragraph, image, link, table, etc.
  • The <h1> tag defines a large heading.

Advantages of HTML

  • HTML is easy to use.
  • HTML contains powerful formatting facilities.
  • HTML is platform independent.
  • HTML can link one page to another, which makes the webpage flexible.
  • An HTML page can be updated easily.
  • HTML is supported by every browser, so you need not rely on any other application.
  • No expensive licensed software or hardware required.

Disadvantage of HTML

  • HTML does not offer programming language features.
  • HTML alone cannot create interactive web applications.
  • Different web browsers may interpret HTML differently.
  • HTML pages are mostly static, meaning without server-side scripting, web pages cannot interact with the user.
  • Large HTML files with styling can be hard to maintain.
  • HTML can provide basic formatting.

HTML Editors

HTML editors are the tools that help to write, edit, and manage HTML code. There are three types of HTML editors:

  1. Text-based editor
  2. HTML code editor
  3. HTML design tools

1. Text-Based Editor

The text editor only edits ASCII text. The text editor does not use any extra functionality for HTML documents. A text editor is useful for writing HTML documents. Examples include Notepad (Windows), SimpleText (Mac), and Pico (Unix).

2. HTML code editor

An HTML code editor is a tool that is used for designing or writing the HTML code easily. These editors may or may not be WYSIWYG. WYSIWYG stands for “what you see is what you get.” Examples: Adobe Dreamweaver, CoffeeCup HTML Editor, BlueGriffon.

3. Code Editor

This code editor provides syntax highlighting, auto-completion, error detection, and live preview. Code Editor is good for beginners and professionals alike. Examples: Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Atom, and Brackets.

HTML Elements

An element is like a building block of a webpage. An element can hold text, another element, or both. Examples of elements are headings <(h1), paragraphs <(p), tables <(table), lists <(ul),> etc.

HTML tags

  • HTML tags are used to mark up HTML elements.
  • HTML tags are written inside angle brackets. < >.
  • Most of the tags come in pairs, which have a starting tag <h1> and a closing tag </h1>.
  • The text between the start and end tags is known as element content.
  • HTML tags are not case-sensitive.

Tag Attributes

Tags can have attributes, and attributes provide additional information about the HTML elements. Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name=”value’.

Syntax:

<tag name attribute name—”value” >

Example,

<img src=”logo.jpg”>

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