OOP stands for Object-Orientated Programming. C++ is a powerful programming method of writing programs that will focus on objects rather than just functions and logic. Objects are like real-world entities like cars, students, bank accounts, etc.
Object Oriented Programming in C++
Object Oriented Programming
OO programming techniques help to develop large, complex programmes and applications. C++ programs are fast and efficient; they use static polymorphism, dynamic polymorphism, generic programming, inheritance, data binding, encapsulation, etc. Which cover most of the object-orientated concepts.
The Four Pillars of OOP
The object-orientated program has four pillars.
- Abstraction: Abstraction shows only that what is needed; the repainted parts will be hidden. For example, if you press the mobile phone to call, but you don’t know how the complex phone circuits are designed.
- Encapsulation: Encapsulation combines data and function both in a single unit known as a class.
- Inheritance: Inheritance is a method where the data drives from one class to another class with the help of attributes and functions.
- Polymorphism: The same function can behave differently depending on the object.
The Idea Behind OOP in C++
OOP is the modern way to design programmes. When solving a new problem, the program breaks the program into small objects. These objects are grouped into classes. Each class has:
- The properties held by the object of the class
- The actions objects of the class are capable of performing.
- The relationship between classes.
OOP encourages thinking in terms of real-world entities. Classes provide templates, and objects are instances that solve the actual problem.
Benefits of OOP in C++
- Data Security: In C++, data is treated as the most important element. This data is protected from the outsiders.
- Problem Decomposition: The complex problem is broken into small parts, which are known as objects, and each object has its own data and function.
- Encapsulation: In encapsulation, each data and function is combined into a single unit called a class.
- Inheritance: It helps to protect reusability of code and save effort by extending existing classes instead of rewriting.
- Polymorphism: The same function name can be used differently depending on the context; it helps to add flexibility in design and implementation.
Features of OOP
- Programs are divided into objects; these objects can communicate with each other through methods.
- Emphasis is given on data rather than procedure.
- Data is hidden and can be accessed or altered by external functions.
- Functions operating on data of an object are encapsulated.
- New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
- Follows a bottom-up approach in program design.
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