Cyber-safety means protecting our personal information and digital devices from online threats like viruses, hackers, and scams. An unauthorized access to the information online and exploiting it to bully, commit fraud, and commit extortion is called a cybercrime. Digital literacy helps to know the threat and how to respond when they happen.
Cyber Safety Class 9 Notes
How are we tracked while browsing the Web?
When we are using the internet, websites can watch what we are doing on the internet. This activity can be tracked in many ways:
- When you search for any product on the internet and suddenly the website shows the product ads.
- Sometimes when you open a website, the popups generate.
- On the internet you can see links that look interesting but lead to unknown or unsafe websites.
- Some articles try to make you feel bad and ask for money.
- You visit a site once, and it keeps asking you to sign up or subscribe.
Identity protection
Avoid sharing personal information like your full name, address, or financial information on social media or on a public platform. Always use privacy settings to control who can view your profile and posts. Always take precautions wheneveryou are getting friend requests or messages from unknown users.
Proper usage of passwords
Use strong and unique passwords that can be difficult for others to guess. Use the following method for creating passwords:
- The password should be 12 to 16 characters long.
- Use numbers and special characters in the password.
- Use capital and small letters.
- Try to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for an extra layer of protection or use a password manager to store or generate secure passwords.
Privacy
Check the browser privacy setting and review the browser permissions. Use a secure browser and extension that can block trackers and malicious sites. Always avoid accessing sensitive accounts over public Wi-Fi or use a VPN wheneverrequired.
Confidentiality of information
Confidential information should be kept properly; only authorized persons should have access to this confidential information. Use a role-based permission and authentication system. Encrypt the data wheneveryou want to share it with others. This will help make the data unreadable without the decryption key.
Cyberstalking
Cyberstalking is a very serious form of online harassment when someone uses digital platforms to target, monitor, or intimidate another person. It basically happens on social media platforms, in emails, in messaging apps, or even in GPS tracking.
Reporting cybercrimes
Reporting cybercrimes is an important step to protecting yourself from the digital threats. In India there is a clear instruction for reporting this type of incident. When you are dealing with hackers, online harassment, financial fraud, or identity theft. To report cybercrime in India:
- You can visit the online portal https://cybercrime.gov.in.
- File the FIR at the nearest police station.
- Call the Cyber Crime Helpline at 1930 (in India).
Malware
Malware means malicious software or programs that are designed to harm computers or steal your data.
Example of Malware
- Viruses: Viruses can spread from one file to another, and they can damage or delete the file or data.
- Adware: Adware shows unwanted ads on a computer or mobile phone, and it can slow down your computer.
- Spyware: Spyware can monitor user activity, and they can collect personal information.
- Ransomware: Ransomware can lock or encrypt your data, and they can demand payment for unlocking.
- Trojan Horses: This type of malware disguises itself as legitimate software but carries harmful payloads.
- Worms: This type of malware replicates the programs, and they can spread across networks.
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