Tourism Product Class 9 Unit 3 Notes, India is different from other countries due to physical and cultural features, and these physical and cultural features are the tourism attraction.
Tourism Product Class 9 Unit 3 Notes
Tourism Resources
The physical and cultural features are the real resource of a tourism place, and this is a base of tourism. These resources, like climate, landform, beaches, flora and fauna, and cultural and heritage places, are used in the tourism industry and are called tourism resources. Tourist Destination: It is the place (city, state, country, or region) that offers tourism products to the tourists.
Types of Tourism Resources
Tourism resources can broadly be classified into two groups, which can be further divided to understand tourism resources better. The two broad classifications are given below:
a. Natural Resources
These are the resources that occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. It includes:
- Climate: Climate is an attraction in tourism. Locations with warm and sunny winters are in high demand by people from cold, snowy locations.
- Scenic Beauty: The overall pleasing and beautiful view of the natural area. It can be a view of the snow-capped mountains and agricultural landscapes.
- Landforms: It includes mountains (areas of elevated, rugged terrain), more gently sloping hill lands, elevated plateaus, and lowland plains.
- Beaches and Marine Areas: A beach is a landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. It usually consists of loose particles, which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.
- Flora and Fauna: Flora and fauna refer to plant and animal wildlife, respectively. The term is often used to refer to the indigenous plant and animal wildlife of a geographical region.
- Special Environmental Features: Special environmental features such as high mountains, unusual geological formations, caves, geysers, hot springs, mild forms of volcanic activity, etc.
- Parks and Conservation Areas: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries.
b. Cultural Resources
These are the resources that represent the unique culture of a tourist destination. It includes:
- Archaeological, Historical, and Cultural Sites
- An archaeological site is a place or group of physical sites in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary).
- A historic site is an official location where pieces of political, military, or social history have been preserved.
- Cultural sites are the sites where cultural events can be organised. For example, Pragati Maidan in New Delhi.
- Arts: It includes the performing art forms like dance, music, and drama and the fine arts of painting and sculpting. It also includes handicrafts, which are objects and articles for daily use or decoration crafted by skilled hands.
- Customs and Traditions: A custom (also called a tradition) is anything that lots of people do and have done for a long time. A custom is more about practices involved in the day-to-day life of people. The customs and traditions of India is very rich.
- Interesting Economic Activities: There can be some interesting economic activities in an area, like tea and rubber plantations, the use of working elephants in forests, agricultural techniques, shipping, etc.
- Interesting Urban Areas: An urban area is the region surrounding a city. Urban area can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs. Most inhabitants of urban areas have non-agricultural jobs.
Tourism Product
A tourism product is something that can be offered to tourists to visit a tourist destination. The products that satisfy the leisure, pleasure, religious, or business needs at places other than the normal place of residence are known as tourism products. Tourism products are the prime reason for any tourist to choose a destination.
According to Kotler (1984), “A product is defined as anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. It includes physical objects, services, persons, places, organisations, and ideas.” This product has to be purchased from the market. For example, biscuits, mobile phones, cars, etc. are available in the market, satisfying different needs and wants of the buyer.
Thus the components of a tourism product include:
- Attractions: Taj Mahal, Kovalam Beach, Holi of Mathura, etc.
- Services and facilities: hotels, restaurants, taxi service, metro rail, etc.
- Activities: Shopping, Trekking, etc.
Characteristics of Tourism Products
Characteristics, refers to any unique feature or quality of a person or thing. A tourism product also has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other products. The characteristics of a tourism product are:
- Tourism products are available only at the destination.
- Tourism products cannot be brought back with the tourist to his/her home.
- Tourism products cannot be stored. For example, out of 100 seats on a flight from New Delhi to Mumbai, only 80 seats are occupied; there is a loss of revenue for 20 seats.
- Tourism products cannot be owned by the tourist. For example, you can visit the Taj Mahal by purchasing the entry ticket, but it does not mean you own the Taj Mahal.
- Tourism products have to be purchased and then consumed by the buyer at the destination.
- Tourism products are made available by people, and therefore, they are highly dependent on people who are providing them. For example, during the trip to a historical place, if the guide is informative and pleasant, then you will come back as a satisfied tourist.
- Tourism products are highly dependent upon the experience of the tourist, and therefore, it becomes difficult to measure the level of product quality.
Tourism Resource to Tourism Product
Tourism resources like favourable climate, beautiful scenery, monuments, hospitable people, etc., can be converted to tourism products, but one needs to understand that every resource of a place cannot be converted to a tourism product. Resources for tourism can encompass a wide variety, but this variety can only be converted to a tourism product depending on the following:
- the interest of the tourist
- geographic location of a destination
- historical and cultural development of a destination
- conservation and preservation of the attraction
- addition of support facilities
- It has to be offered to the tourist.
- a cost is attached to the tourism product
Classification of Tourism Products
Tourism products can be classified based on the nature and resource of the product. Tourism products are classified as:
- Natural Tourism Products: Natural tourism products refer to the tourism sites and destinations that are closely associated with the natural environment and act as tourism products, like beaches, islands, mountains, hills, deserts, wildlife, caves, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, rivers, etc.
- Examples: Palm-fringed beaches of Goa, snow-capped mountains in Kashmir, the flora and fauna of Kaziranga National Park in Assam, Dudhsagar Falls in Goa, the Thar Desert in Jaisalmer, etc.
- Man-Made Tourism Products: The man-made tourism products are those that are built by humans.
- Examples: Taj Mahal, Red Fort, India Gate, Lothal in Gujarat (an important archaeological Indus Valley site), National Museum in New Delhi, Bhangra of Punjab, Madhubani paintings of Bihar, brass work of Muradabad, etc.
- Symbiotic Tourism Product: Symbiotic tourism product refers to the tourism products that are a blend of natural and manmade resources.
- Examples: Wildlife sanctuaries, marine parks, guided snorkelling trips to coral reefs, and so on.
- Site-Based Tourism Products: When an attraction is a place or site, then it is a site-based tourism product. Site of the Taj Mahal, sunset at Kanyakumari, etc.
- Event-based Tourism Product: Events attract tourists and spectators as well as participants in the events; sometimes both. Kite flying in Ahmadabad attracts tourists both as spectators and participants. Tourists can also be the spectators for events like the Olympics, the Khajuraho Dance Festival, and so on.
Protection of Tourism Products
Tourism products are very precious, as they are the major attractions for a tourist to visit a destination. They help in generating revenue for that place. They are to be transferred from one generation to the next. So this becomes the moral responsibility of the locals to protect tourism products.
The following can be adopted to protect our monuments or national parks:
- One should not scribble on, deface, or encroach on any monuments.
- One should not litter and make use of dustbins.
- There should be correct information available about the product. Say no to polythene bags.
- Do not smoke.
- Do not make noise.
- Respect the local customs and traditions.
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