Population Class 9 Notes

The chapter “Population” in Class 9 Geography helps students understand the importance of human resources in the development of a country. It explains how population size, distribution, density, growth, and composition affect India’s economy and society. These Population Class 9 Notes provide a clear and concise summary of all key topics.

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Population Size and Distribution

The population is important to develop the economy and the society. People themselves are resources with different skills and qualities.

India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers

India has a very dense population; 1.21 billion people live in India, based on a survey in March 2011. 17% of the world population live and occupy only 2.4% of the world’s land area (3.28 million sq km). Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state, with 199 million people, about 16% of the Indian population. Sikkim has only 0.6 million people; Lakshadweep has just 64429 people. Half of the population live in only 5 states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh. Rajasthan is the largest state by area, but only 5.5% of the Indian population lives there.

India’s Population Distribution by Density

What is population density?

Population density means how many people live in one square kilometre. The population density formula is:

Population Density = Total Population ÷ Total Land Area

India’s share in the world

Category	India	Rest of the World
Population	17.5%	82%
Area	2.4%	97.6%

India is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. India has an average population density of 382 persons per sq km. The highest density was found in Bihar, approx. 1102 persons per sq. km. Lowest in Arunachal Pradesh: 17% persons per sq km.

Population Growth and Processes of Population Change

The world population is a dynamic phenomenon, which means it keeps changing in size, distribution and composition (age, gender, etc.). These changes happen due to three key processes: births, deaths and migration.

What is Population Growth?

Population growth means how much the number of people has increased in a country over time. There are two methods to measure population growth:

Absolute Increase: Total number of people added, for example, 2011 population – 2001 population
Annual Growth Rate: It is based on percentage increase per year.

India’s population growth in 1951-2011

From 1951 to 1981, the population growth rate increased, but after 1981, the growth rate started to decline due to a lower birth rate, but the total number of people added kept increasing because the population of India was already very large. In 2023 India became the most populated country in the world.

Processes of Population Change in India

The population change in India is due to three main reasons:

Birth Rate
Death Rate
Migration

1. Birth Rate

In India the birth rate is higher than the death rate; birth rates depend on births per 1000 people in a year. Because of the higher birth rate, the India population is increasing.

2. Death Rate

The death rate in india is low,India especially after 1950. The death rate is calculated based on 1000 people per year.

3. Migration

Migration means the movement of people from one place to another. It can happen due to many reasons, like jobs, escaping difficult living conditions, education and healthcare. There are two types of migration:

Internal Migration: Moving within the same country.
International Migration: Moving from one country to another country.

Adolescent Population in India

Adolescents are the people between 10 and 19 years old. They make up one-fifth (20%) of India’s total population. Adolescents need more nutrients than children or adults. But in India adolescent diet is poor and lacking. Many adolescent girls suffer from anaemia (low iron in blood). Due to poor nutrition, adolescents face lots of challenges, like deficiencies, stunted growth, weak health and low energy.

Only education and literacy can raise awareness. Better awareness leads to better health and strong futures.

National Population Policy 2000

India started the Family Planning Programme in 1952. It aimed to promote planned and responsible parenthood. The major policy was launched in the year 2000. Focuses on improving health, education and family welfare.

The main goal of NPP 2000 is to provide free and compulsory education to all the children up to 14 years. Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births. Universal immunisation of children against diseases. Promote delayed marriage for girls.

Social Science Class 9 Notes

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