Physical Education Class 11 Chapter 4 Notes

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Teachers and Examiners (CBSESkillEduction) collaborated to create the Physical Education Class 11 Chapter 4 Notes. All the important Information are taken from the NCERT Textbook Physical Education (048) class 11.

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Concept of Disability and Disorder

Disability and disorder are two different terms that describe different conditions affecting a person’s physical, mental, or sensory abilities. Disability is a long-term impairment which affects the person in performing daily activities and Disorder is a medical condition that disrupts normal functioning; disorder is a temporary or chronic.

As per the Right to Education Act, each and every child, including children with disabilities, has a fundamental right to schooling and physical education. Children with special needs (CWSN) face different challenges in undertaking certain activities. So, schools have to provide adapted physical education programmes to ensure that all children can benefit from physical activity and sports.

Types of Disability

Disabilities can be categorised into different types based on the impact on the person’s physical, sensory, cognitive or mental abilities.

Physical Disabilities: If the person has a movement and mobility problem, then it is known as a physical disability. For example, paralysis, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, etc.
Intellectual Disabilities: Intellectual disabilities affect general mental abilities. Intellectual disabilities challenges fall into three key domains:
- Conceptual – difficulties in learning, reasoning and problem solving.
- Social – Challenges in communication, social interactions and relationships.
- Practical – Struggles with everyday tasks like self-care and independent living.
Cognitive Disabilities: A cognitive disability is a person having a neurological disorder or a cognitive disability person having challenges in reading, computing, speaking and writing.
Affective Disorders: Affective disorders are also known as mood disorders. A person with an affective disorder has depression, anxiety disorders or bipolar disorder. These conditions vary in severity and impact emotions, thoughts and behaviour.

Disability Etiquette

Disability etiquette refers to the guidelines for interacting respectfully with the individuals who have disabilities. It helps to make inclusive environments and ensures equal participation.

General Etiquette:

Ask before offering assistance: Never assume someone needs help; always ask first.
Speak directly to the person: speak directly to the person; don’t use an interpreter.
Use respectful language: always use respectful language like “person with a disability” instead of defining them by their condition.

Aim and objectives of Adaptive physical Education

1. Aim of Adapted Physical Education

Adapted Physical Education ensures that every individual, especially Children with Special Needs (CWSN), gets an opportunity to participate in physical education and sports based on their needs.

2. Objective of Adapted Physical Education

The main objectives of adapted physical education include:

Customised Programs for CWSN – Adapted Physical Education can be designed for individual education plans for each and every student based on the abilities.
Promoting Lifelong Activity – Encourages CSWS individuals for daily movement, which will be helpful for overcoming motor challenges.
Ensuring Safety & Accessibility – Modified equipment and environment should be provided for safe and enjoyable physical education experiences.
Encouraging Inclusive Participation – Provide specialised programmes based on their abilities and encourage participation.
Boosting Self-Esteem – Participation in physical activities builds confidence, motivation and a positive self-image.
Promoting Sportsmanship – Promote teamwork, respect, and fair play to enhance personal and social development.

Role of various professionals for children with special needs

Different specialised professionals play important roles in helping Children with Special Needs (CWSN):

School Counsellor – School counsellors work with teachers, parents and students to create a supportive learning environment and help the school make holistic development.
Physiotherapist – Helps the children to improve motor function through physical exercises and therapy.
Occupational Therapist – Trains children in daily living skills, self-care, fine motor activities and hand-eye coordination.
Physical Education Teacher – PE teachers play an important role in school; they help the students to access sports and physical activities based on their abilities.
Speech Therapist – Support the students with communication challenges, helping in speech and language development.
Special Educator – The special educator plays an important role in guiding, supporting and teaching children with special needs.